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- Notes:
- Fivondronana: Moramanga, Commune: Andasibe, Fokontany: Berano. Ambatovy mine concession. and Angiosperms
- Date Issued:
- 2016-03-22T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- University of Michigan. Libraries
- Collection:
- University of Michigan Herbarium Catalog Collection
- Date Issued:
- 1971-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Research Review
- Date Issued:
- 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Research Review (New Series)
- Description:
- This articles reviews critically the evolution, present status and future development of telecommunications in the African continent. It reports the major efforts so far made to develop telecommunications technology and services in Africa and points out that despite all these efforts, it is a painful fact that Africa still lags behind in the development of communications. The article attributes this unfortunate situation mainly to economic resource constraints, inefficient planning, inadequate roads, lack of coordination and low priority of communication development. It then calls for greater cooperation among African countries, funding agencies, the United Nations and the industrialized countries in this crucial area of telecommunications development in Africa, for the mutual benefit of all.
- Date Issued:
- 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1996-06-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- African Journal of Political Science
- Date Issued:
- 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Research Review
- Date Issued:
- 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Research Review (New Series)
- Date Issued:
- 1989-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Research Review (New Series)
- Description:
- The paper undertakes a re-interpretation of the problem of internal conflicts and civil wars in Africa, from the perspective of citizenship and rights. The central argument is that although the genealogy and dimensions of conflicts and civil wars in Africa are quite complex and varied, however, underlying most of those conflicts, especially those that erupted within the last decade, is the issue of citizenship and rights. The construction and nature of the state in Africa, which is rooted in the colonial pedigree, tend towards the institutionalization of ethnic entitlements, rights and privileges, which creates differentiated and unequal status of citizenship. This tendency de-individualizes citizenship and makes it more of a group phenomenon. As such, rather the state providing a common bond for the people through the tie of citizenship, with equal rights, privileges and obligations, both in precepts and practice, people's loyalties are bifurcated. The result is usually tensions and contradictions in the public sphere as claims of marginalization, exclusion and domination among individuals and groups are rife. The consequence is mostly conflicts and civil wars in Africa.
- Date Issued:
- 2001-12-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- African Journal of Political Science
- Date Issued:
- 1967-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Research Review
