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- Description:
- This articles reviews critically the evolution, present status and future development of telecommunications in the African continent. It reports the major efforts so far made to develop telecommunications technology and services in Africa and points out that despite all these efforts, it is a painful fact that Africa still lags behind in the development of communications. The article attributes this unfortunate situation mainly to economic resource constraints, inefficient planning, inadequate roads, lack of coordination and low priority of communication development. It then calls for greater cooperation among African countries, funding agencies, the United Nations and the industrialized countries in this crucial area of telecommunications development in Africa, for the mutual benefit of all.
- Date Issued:
- 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- War brings out the worst of human instincts and fires up the things that we would not have believed ourselves capable of doing. Not only soldiers take to arms, but civilians too get swept along by events. Across the world the sad story is the same: faces marked by grief, pain and loss. At this point when needs are at their greatest, local health-care services are often in no state to respond. Hospitals may have been destroyed, staff are afraid to go to work, and medical supplies are extremely limited. When their lives are at stake, civilians have no choice but to abandon their homes and land and seek safety elsewhere. They must leave all their possessions behind, they are often separated from other members of their family and after facing the trauma of war, they must face an uncertain future. Crammed together in public buildings, huddled up in makeshift shelters in vast camps or by the roadside, they are utterly dependent on outside assistance. This article discusses the challenges and concerns of the Red Cross Movement with regard to such experiences.
- Date Issued:
- 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper analyses the concepts of development and democracy to determine their compatibility within the African situation, and discusses how the mass media could promote them. It demonstrates that, while appropriate models of the concept of democracy are still being sought, it is indisputable that there already exist sufficient elements in the African conception of human rights to provide a base for a press system that tends towards liberalism rather than authoritarianism. It, therefore, approaches the discussion from the perspective of what role the press ought to play in the African society to promote both democracy and development.
- Date Issued:
- 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper begins by profiling the key elements of the RASCOM study and their implications for the socioeconomic development of Africa. It then analyzes the traditional arguments in the debate about the role of the new Information and communication technologies in African development. Arguing for a regional approach to telecommunication infrastructural development, the paper examines SADCC's experience and concludes by offering a framework within which strategies can be mapped out for an integrated information and communication technologies development.
- Date Issued:
- 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper sets out to "spell out and critically analyze the role of research In development communication". After a brief discussion of the concept of development communication, the paper stresses the role of research in determining what Is desirable change in a people's perception of development. The paper zeroes in on the place of research In development communication In relation to the Liberian Rural Communication Network. The observations arising out of this case study are used to make some general recommendations for research In development communication
- Date Issued:
- 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper critically reviews the history of journalism education in Africa, and the controversies surrounding it. The authors reckon that dependency theorists have argued about the inappropriateness of Western models and professional standards for Third World journalism. However, in spite of this rhetoric, many Third World schools of journalism and practitioners tend to follow the Western approaches. Of these approaches, the American practical orientation seems to appeal most to those who teach, sponsor, or practice journalism in the Third World.
- Date Issued:
- 1987-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This is an analytical appraisal of the making of a vibrant media industry in South Africa. The author commends the government effort to repeal oppressive legal regimes that served the defunct apartheid system in stifling press freedom and fundamental human rights. While extolling the virtues of the new democratic culture in the country, the paper also underscores the centrality of the press, especially the media, in nurturing and safeguarding the new plural political system. The author argues strongly that the formation of a more media friendly communication policy, to create a final and rapid break with the divisive past, is imperative. The paper enjoins the new government of national unity to devise comprehensive communication policy and profound training packages for journalists to strengthen and professionalize the media industry, as an instrument of national development. It contends that democratic growth requires a free and authoritative press to provide a forum for national debate, where people can exchange critical and competitive views, to enable them to make rational or informed choices on various matters critical to national cohesion. This, the author says, is only possible if the new communication policy establishes efficient information feedback mechanisms. The paper also highlights various legislations put in place to ensure that national interest is catered for in programming in a liberalised broadcast media. The issues of ownership and media accessibility to the poor are discussed.
- Date Issued:
- 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This study specifies the components of development communication and, having done so, proceeds to evaluate the various approaches to this conceptual formulation. Thus, it discusses the extension and community development approach, the ideological and mass mobilization method, the centralized mass media method, the localized mass media method, and the integrated approach. It concludes that since development communication is not simply concerned with the mere provision of information on development activities, it should not stop with conventional mass media. Rather, it must involve strong components of social organization and interpersonal and traditional modes and media if it is to succeed. 'This title represents the present stage in the evolution of an appropriate name for 'those communication actions geared towards enlisting full human participation and understanding of development activities'. One of the earliest names was communication in support of development (IB11975). The IBI was followed by UNICEF in 1976 which called it 'project support communication'. The most popular name among social scientists and especially aid agencies has been 'development support communication'. But today, communication specialists working in the area of development, for obvious conceptual and operational reasons, prefer the name 'development communication'.
- Date Issued:
- 1989-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The history of journalism in Nigeria has been influenced by the two major eras of British colonial rule (1895-1960) and indigenous military governments after independence on October 1, 1960. Both forms of governments enacted press laws at various periods in Nigeria's journalism history. This study compares and contrasts the variables that shaped the laws enacted by both the British colonial and the post-independence military governments, the intended overt and covert objectives of those laws and the reactions of the indigenous people.
- Date Issued:
- 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1989-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The protection of the environment is a matter of global concern that calls for global measures. Improved and effective information about the environment and communication within the globe is vital because it broadens public awareness and participation in the debate on environmental challenges facing human kind today. And the upsurge of electronic networking through computers which is generally called the information superhighway appears to be a development that can precisely address this need. However, as more and more environmental information on a global scale continues to be stored and controlled electronically, developing countries risk becoming more marginalized within the rapidly evolving world economy due to lack of computers and low levels of computer literacy among the majority of their population. The question is: what are the likely consequences of this situation bearing in mind the understanding that environmental degradation does not affect Africa only or but the whole globe?. This paper gives a situational analysis of the information superhighway in Africa and suggests policy issues which need to be addressed both internationally and regionally if the expectations environmental communication are to be realized.
- Date Issued:
- 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper identifies the inalienable features which characterize the truly indigenous African film. It argues that the pre-eminence of the USA and India in the international movie marketplace translates into the colonization of both the medium and the industry in the importing country. It works out the rubrics for an African aesthetic of the film with examples from the works of leading African film makers.
- Date Issued:
- 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- A central theme in the history of the Nigeria press is its political orientation. This is understandable, although it has led to the neglect of other aspects of the history and contemporary structure of the Nigerian press. This paper explores one of the crucial yet neglected aspects of this history, i.e. the origin of the process of commercialization of the press and its implications for journalism practice. It argues that commercialization signalled the end of the so-called 'political' press which many commentators still refer to. It also led to some form of professional consciousness and the need for a professional organization among Nigerian journalists.
- Date Issued:
- 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This article makes a case for improved news coverage of the rural areas of Africa as a vital component of African nations' rural and national development efforts. It offers a contextual definition of rural news reporting in Africa, and provides a theoretical and philosophical framework that should guide the African rural reporter on the job. The article went further to critically examine the dominant strategies for rural reporting, rural news gathering strategies and sources, some specialized techniques for packaging rural news reports, and the general and specific channels for transmitting rural news reports. In addition to the universalistic news packaging approaches which should be contextually modified and applied by African rural news reports who should live in the rural areas with the ruralites, this articles also recommended the Screw Model and the Promo-News forms of rural news presentation and systematically explained how these can be applied.
- Date Issued:
- 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper questions the popular view that Western media negate the image of the Third World through unprofessionally acquired reports that concentrate on negative activities while ignoring the positive ones. The paper claims that there is no empirical validation of the view that there is an imbalance in news coverage between the West and the Third World. By content-analysing a sample of Nigerian papers, the author arrives at the conclusion that these papers not only do not have a better balance than the Western ones in reporting world news, but they do not even give more prominence to Third World news.
- Date Issued:
- 1987-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This article disaggregates the population information, education and communication (IEC) sector into: population information which includes the technical and statistical information of awareness creation; population education through formal institutions (e.g. schools) and non-formal ones (e.g. adult education programmes); and population communication aimed at fostering interest, creating demand and supporting population programme activities. It describes the typology of population information end-users (information brokers) as including policy/decision makers and implementors, service providers and professionals, NGO administrators, university lecturers and researchers, community leaders, and media workers (journalists and producers). These end-users are characterized by the fact that they are non-demographers and hence the need to put in place a 'brokerage' system for translating specialist material into non-specialist information an important aspect of popularization. The mass media are then to be used to diffuse the information so processed to target condiences. The article surveys the mass media situation in Africa and proposes ways in which they may be used to disseminate population information more effectively and accurately.
- Date Issued:
- 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The article starts from the premise that empowerment is needed where weakness and subjugation are apparent. Poverty, illiteracy, religion, cultural prejudices, male chauvinistic tendencies manifested in diverse patrilineal practices against women are some of the formidable forces that relegate women to the background. Portrayal of women in the media is examined through their portrayal in selected Igbo language films. The image of women in these films is found to be very bad and capable of negatively influencing the perception of women among the large audience of video films in Nigeria. The article shows that the technology of video has been effectively used for the empowerment of severely marginalised social groups like poor and illiterate women in some rural Third World countries. It is advocated that women actors should reject roles that relegate them to second fiddle. The domination of male producers in the home video industry is decried, and women are encouraged to seek more positive and active roles.
- Date Issued:
- 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- In this article, the author proposes that one way to minimize the rate of project failures is to establish rules which project managers would be required to follow. It is the view of this author that some of these rules may already exist in the form of project formulation guidelines. These guidelines are, in large part, based upon research in development. They include local participation, integrated development, basic needs, women in development, and appropriate technology. These guidelines, carefully followed, have the potential to lead to project success. The problem is that it is the rare project wherein these guidelines have been observed. Thus, the author contends that the codification of these guidelines and other related concepts into standard development rules followed by the establishment of a mechanism to ensure that these rules are adhered to, are the tools needed to dig out of the development crisis.
- Date Issued:
- 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- Development institutions have in recent years realised the importance of indigenous culture as an important vehicle for communication. This has led to the creation of programmes in which local cultural forms have been "recruited" as the communication process for "selling" development strategies. The paper draws upon the author's experiences of theatre for primary health mobilisation and awareness in rural Malawi. The advantage of performing arts as a medium for development communication are that: 1) they provide a more entertaining form than monologous media, 2) they can easily use local languages and cultural forms such as songs and dances, 3) they encourage participation and debate in the audiences. The main disadvantage is that such intrumental use of the performing arts can lead to a cornmodification of culture which is manifested in: 1) the professionalisation of cultural workers in a context which is not normally commercial, 2) the reification and triviliation of community culture through the use of traditional external forms to convey messages totally at variance with their original context. Such cultural engineering, at its most insensitive can constitute a form of developmental imperialism which erodes rather than supports the cultural cement binding local communities. Suggested solutions demand agents' wide-ranging consultations, not only with development minded stake-holders, but also with those who possess cultural skills and interests.
- Date Issued:
- 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper uses a reassessment of the legacy of Paulo Freire as a point of departure to construct analytical frameworks, based upon insights from development and political communication, for use in assessing the significance and potential of alternative media for political change in Africa. The notion of alternative media is understood as incorporating a variety of dimensions (difference, independence, opposition, and representation) whose importance is determined by the parameters of particular struggles. The paper eschews country-specific analysis and is sceptical of the likely trajectories of the democratization processes (transitions) in Africa.
- Date Issued:
- 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
28. Drama
- Description:
- Development has been synonymous with directed, purposeful progress equated with economic growth. As such, communication for development has been largely understood as persuading people to adopt cut and dried messages which direct progress, hence the concept of mass communication. Unfortunately, this gives communication an apparatus for manipulation and propaganda dissemination. The widespread failure of development projects may be attributed to this understanding and practice of communication in development as communication becomes a way of forcing receivers to adjust and adapt to ideologically mediated messages. This paper proposes drama as an efficacious tool for development support communication. Drama incorporates aspects of lived realities, supports progress in peoples' lives and effectively grips the audience's attention and commitment. Drama conscientises people on aspects of life such as environmental conservation, assists people in spreading and using technological advancement, assists in health, educational and other social efforts and programmes. In this way, drama provides a viable tool in development support communication and, as the paper shows, drama is natural communication which can ensure high impact yet low cost effects.
- Date Issued:
- 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This article examines the objectives of the 1990 press law in Cameroon and the substantial changes it brought for pressmen who until 1966 were regulated by either common law in Anglophone Cameroon or civil law in Francophone Cameroon. It also examines the extent to which the objectives have been attained and the major defects of the law.
- Date Issued:
- 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This article condenses the theoretical discussion carried out by the authors for a framing paper on cultural policy. In it, they begin from the position that most discourse about the term 'culture' makes it difficult to define an exact constituency which, for policy purposes, can propose and benefit from implementation. In the South African context within which they work, they point out that taking into account the dynamics and special needs of transition from apartheid to democracy makes this a doubly taxing problem. The authors accept that the present circumstances favour a more radical appreciation of the concept of culture and need than enshrined in existing cultural policy, for example, in Australia. Therefore, they draw on the radical post-marxist approach of philosopher Agnes Heller to relocate cultural discourse within the pragmatic category of "raising endowments into talents". On this basis, they proceed to identify, in terms of a politics of equitable transformation, the constituency most deprived in terms of raising endowments into talents under apartheid. These, the authors argue, are the women in single-parent or all-female households who have accomplished the business of seeing their children into higher education. As principal actors in the ongoing business of raising endowments into talents, the authors argue, such women constitute the basic constituency in contemporary South Africa towards whom cultural policy research should initially be directed. As cultural actors, they do not as such exist in a vacuum, however. Thus the actual pragmatic relations between this constituency and others involved in cultural practice are what policy implementation should strive to strengthen, empower and protect until generations with other, more elaborated, needs mature.
- Date Issued:
- 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper challenges the entrenched Shannon and Weaver model of communication and suggests alternative approaches to community health education. An alternative, where the emphasis falls on the receiver or 'reader', is examined with special reference to DramAidE. DramAidE is a South African state funded HIV/AIDS education programme in which plays, workshops and community days become a process through which dialogue around health issues is established between health workers and a school community. The approach is to use local expressive forms (plays, songs, poems, dances and posters) as enabling resources or mechanisms of learning and of re-enacting and retelling the 'story' from shifting positions. The issues raised about the impact on the community of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases are further explored in participatory workshops with the intention of changing attitudes and developing some skills. The work is based on the premise that good health is dependent on social, psychological, economic and environmental factors. Likewise, sicknesses are states which must be seen in a holistic sense. The understanding of the meaning of health in this approach is culture bound and it is important not to separate out the physiological from the cultural. A further contention is that health, as a constituent and dynamic component of subjectivity does not refer to a state so much as to a process. This means that health is about self-image, self-esteem and self-confidence. The drama based workshops offered in the progamme focus on building self-esteem and self-awareness as a first step in making choices about healthy behaviour. Therefore, health education should not be actively aimed at changing personal behaviour alone. Young people need to demonstrate skills in changing their social environment and to this end DramAidE is forming clubs in schools that will become self-sufficient and to encourage the school community to take pride in building a culture of learning and health promotion in the school. The long term aim of DramAidE is to develop a social movement around celebrating the joy of choosing to live a healthy life style. We are asking ourselves and young people to 'Act Alive'. One strategy for mobilising young people is build an awareness of the interaction between human rights and health and thus find a common theme that cuts across differences of heritage and culture
- Date Issued:
- 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper discusses the kind of mass communication research that is required in Africa. After a thorough review of the controversy between the adherents of the (American) administrative and (European) critical research schools, the author argues that as far as African mass communication research is concerned, the problem is not only that of conceptualization but also that of social research process and administration. The paper registers a general dissatisfaction with African social research based on foreign theoretical and methodological assumptions. It ends with a call for 'back to our roots', having outlined four major research agenda for African mass communication researchers.
- Date Issued:
- 1987-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The paper starts from the premise that freedom of expression is imperative for political, social, economic and personal development. It also notes, however, that the manner in which freedom is interpreted differs considerably from one region to another. The difference it points out, often manifests itself in the debate of complete government control of the mass media versus an independent press. The paper argues that the USA, which has a relatively longer history of political democracy spells out press freedom explicitly in the constitution as against the case in developing countries where freedom of press is not explicitly guaranteed by the constitution. It further argues that a country which has had a longer and relatively more stable form of government has a better chance of clarifying exactly what freedom of expression entails, and that freedom of expression is a dynamic process.
- Date Issued:
- 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
34. Book review
- Date Issued:
- 1987-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The goal of this study is to determine the effects of situational variables in persuasion. One hundred and forty subjects were used. Subjects were given two hypothetical situations involving compliance in inter-personal and non-interpersonal situations, and were told to state the various strategies they will use in gaining compliance in both situations. The results found that to change the negative work attitude of the Nigerian public, coercive power of threat and aversive stimulation play crucial roles, but that power alone cannot be effective if not supported by friendly persuasion of compromise and reward. Individuals in interpersonal situation, however, resort only to friendly persuasion.
- Date Issued:
- 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
38. Possible implications of modern mass media for traditional communication in a Nigerian rural setting
- Description:
- This article looks at two models of communication existing in a Nigerian rural environment: the traditional, largely interpersonal and interactive model, and the modem, mass mediated, impersonal system. Drawing from sociological theories of change, it finds that the traditional and modem (mass) communication systems interact in interesting ways as a new socio-economic system evolves within the traditional structures of village life. In spite of the imposed foreign language (English) which is the dominant transmission language of the modem mass media, there are significant and complementary outcomes of the interaction between the two modes of communication. The article argues, however, that the traditional systems of communication will retain their role in the transmission of knowledge and information, cultivation of beliefs, and other socialization processes for quite some time to come.
- Date Issued:
- 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1987-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The thesis of this article is that the national interests of African states make it imperative for them to carefully evaluate, assess and examine the development of their present media structures and ownership patterns. The article identifies some of the new communication media in the African context and offers a detailed review of the national and international ramifications of their selection and adoption as privately-owned enterprises.
- Date Issued:
- 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The article is a comparative study of the mass media systems of Kenya and Tanzania. The author examines the historical, geographical, political, economic, social and cultural factors which shape the mass media systems in the two countries. The article concludes that the factors of literacy and politico-economic system are destined to have significant impact on the future growth and shape of the mass media in Kenya and Tanzania.
- Date Issued:
- 1986-06-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The purpose of the study was to seek answers to the following questions: 1. Which of the 20 corporate identities randomly selected is rated as best vis-a-vis the tour features of an effective logo? 2. In what order are the four features important to the publics whose goodwill the companies seek? The features are memorability, recognition (attractiveness), appropriateness and uniqueness. Using the survey method, a questionnaire was designed to elicit response from the publics. A sample size of 85 was drawn up departmentally from academic staff of faculties of Arts and Education, University of Ibadan. A questionnaire return rate of 61 percent was achieved. Results indicate that of the 20 logos, that of Seven-Up Bottling Company was rated the best. Three others that followed in the order of excellence are those of Nitel, Obafemi Awolowo University, He Ife, and Mandilas. The order in which the four features of an effective graphic identity are important to the respondents of the study is memorability, uniqueness, appropriateness and attractiveness. The challenge posed to public relations practitioners is therefore summarized in this question: Does your corporate symbol speak louder than words?
- Date Issued:
- 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This article sketches a broad overview of the problems and prospects of Africa communication. Beginning with Africa's economic handicaps which limit its potential to fully exploit the new array of modern communication technologies, it argues that it is class politics which excludes the mass of the African people from communication channels that constitutes the major impediment to communication in Africa. The remedy to this problem is, therefore, to be found in a communication strategy that accords due respect to African cultural traditions in which respect for truth, equality, social justice and the supernatural are the cardinal principles.
- Date Issued:
- 1989-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- Tanzanians are turning inward now after dismantling most of the barriers to development colonial mentality, colonial regimes in the neighbourhood, illiteracy and poor health. The rallying cry now is increased economic output through self-reliance. Radio Tanzania Dar es Salaam (RTD), as a medium of mass communication and mobilization, will have to get closer to the grassroots people, either on a social basis, which is possible now, or it will have to introduce smaller community-based stations which would have greater mobilizing power than any other establishment.
- Date Issued:
- 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This article draws attention to the cognitive need of the communication receiver, and to the competence and intellectual skills that ought to be acquired if the target audience in rural development communication is to derive maximum benefit from their positive mental state and readiness for learning. It examines the concept of development in the African context, the cognitive abilities required for reading, listening and responding, and how these relate to development. It suggests instructional goals for curricula aimed at preparing message receivers for effective participation in rural development programmes.
- Date Issued:
- 1986-06-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The focus of this paper is on The New Yak Times' coverage of Nelson Mandela's tour of the U.S. in June 1990, with the main purpose of finding out the kind of image the paper presented to the American public. All issues of the paper two weeks prior to the beginning of the tour on June 20-July 1 when the tour ended were examined. The study also examines all issues of the paper two weeks after the tour to review or carry out a post-mortem. News reports and analyses, editorials, features, opinion and commentaries of columnists were studied and the author concludes that Mandela had a favourable coverage owing to U.S. foreign policy's change in attitude toward the African National Council and Mandela.
- Date Issued:
- 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper examines the nature and classes of the speech act in traditional African settings against the background of African traditional values and the right to speak. The writer attempts to portray certain aspects that could be viewed as planks to form bases for a classification of a folk system of communication in Africa, which he terms as African rhetorics. The author points out that the objective of the paper is to show how traditional African values are critical in our efforts to understand communication philosophies, ethics, processes, structures and genres in traditional African settings.
- Date Issued:
- 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This analysis looks at Kenya's communication policies from: (a) The extent to which communication as an issue has achieved status on Kenya's institutional agenda. (b) The nature of communication structures. (c) Recommendations based upon the analysis of the situation. Specified recommendations have been made in relation to the following: (a) Strengthening of existing communication policies or the formulation of new ones. (b) Clarification of existing policies wherever deemed necessary, (c) Development of modalities for the implementation of such policies, (d) Devising feedback mechanisms for the determination of impact of policies that have been implemented, and (e) Sharpening the criterion instrument for the impact of policies that have been implemented.
- Date Issued:
- 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This study looks into the concept of democracy as it is understood within the African context and the role which the mass media could play in promoting and sustaining it. It argues that, given Africa's colonial experience and its history of struggle for human dignity and liberation, the appropriate role for the mass media must be to sustain this struggle. Accordingly, their relevance must be seen in relation to the extent to which they promote the developmental and democratic aspirations of the majority of the people. And, as such, training of African media practitioners must be predicated on the necessity to give them clear orientation for the achievement of these goals. Finally, the professional status of journalists and of the journalism profession must be acknowledged by political authorities and policy makers; journalists must be appropriately renumerated and their profession upgraded within the hierarchy of national priorities.
- Date Issued:
- 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This article highlights some structures of social relations which influence the formation of images of women in society in general, and in the mass media in particular. Drawing from examples in Tanzania, it adopts a neo-Marxist analysis of society and suggests that both traditional structures and attitudes and modern socio-economic relations, buttressed by prejudices in dominant religions, subjugate women to subsidiary roles in development. Hence their negative portrayal in the mass media. It suggests major reforms in the socialization of the youth within the family and the wider society as a means of fighting the negative images of women which justify their exploitation by partriachal and capitalist social systems.
- Date Issued:
- 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The concepts development communication, non-development communication, development journalism and development support communication are often misunderstood. The confusion, according to this paper, becomes even more magnified in Africa due to lack of sufficient literature on the conceptualisation, definition and operational parameters of the concepts in question. The paper presents a historical account of the origins of the concepts and differentiates each from the other. The essence of the paper, however, is that the mass media if well applied, can facilitate the development process. In a bid to illustrate how this can happen, the paper outlines some approaches that can be adopted and how best to manage these strategies. Paramount in the process is the need to synchronise the issue to be dealt with, the audience for whom the communication message is intended, the nature of the media to be used, and the socio-political and economic context within which the media campaign is to be effected. The paper concludes that all four concepts are crucial for development in their own right. It, however, warns that their effective utilisation calls for high degrees of specificity in their formulation, planning and management.
- Date Issued:
- 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This is an incisive scientific evaluation of the existing curricula in journalism and communication training institutions in East Africa. The study pays close attention to most of the crucial elements of a good curricula, including the aims and objectives of the courses, the teaching methods adopted, the assessment methods of the courses and the flexibility of the courses to accomodate community, national, regional, continental and international needs. The aims of the study were five-fold: To provide emphirical evidence on the orientations, objectives and scope of the existing curricula in journalism and communication training in East Africa; to suggest variousways of re-modelling the curricula; to access the quality of training offered to journalists so as to find out if they are being adequately funded and teachers well remunerated and; to generate fresh data on journalism and communication training in the region which can be used by policy makers and implementors in shaping future training needs. Field survey research design was used to collect data from stations, newspapers, training institutions and governmental departments. A total of 19, 21 and 22 respondents from Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya respectively were interviewed. The study raises concern over two pertinent issues: the fact that the training institutions have less teaching staff and that the curricula used are relatively old with the newest having been drawn in 1994. The author suggests that there ought to be regular review of the curricula to make them responsive to the ever-changing media demands. Three track approach to the review of the curricula are recommended. They invite Unesco and other stakeholders to commission further studies aimed at a comprehensive improvement of the curricula so that the beneficiaries may be able to face the various complex communication challenges facing their communities and countries; the region, continent and the world.
- Date Issued:
- 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- In this article, Macharia Munene discusses the roles of religion and culture in conflict creation and resolution in both pre and post-colonial Kenya. Noting the cultural heterogeneity of Kenya and the often not-so-holy intentions of the church, he highlights the major events in Kenyan History in which the church and Kenyan cultural institutions and practices, especially oathing, have played major roles in conflict enhancement and reduction. The article focuses on three major periods of Kenyan History: The colonial era, the Kenyatta era, and the Moi era. In each era, he captures and comments on the key events involving conflict and the interventions made by religious authorities as well as persons abusing cultural practices in trying to achieve their selfish motives.
- Date Issued:
- 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- Communication has become widely accepted all over the developing world as a potent tool for rural development. However, this faith In the power of development communication often appears to be misplaced, as development fails to measure up to expectations even after huge resources have been invested in development communication. Many of the failures of development communication projects arise from the application of inappropriate development paradigms and communication strategies which overemphasize the mass media as channels of communication in the development process. This paper is based on a study carried out to find out what communication media are used by rural women in Nigeria as sources of development information.
- Date Issued:
- 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The agenda-setting function of the media in an international context is investigated here by examining the relationship between exposure to Newsweek by educated urban Nigerians and the importance they place on various world problems (controlled by demographic factors, cosmopolitanism and national media use variables). A combination of two research methods was employed: a secondary analysis of a sample of 1,213 "better educated" adults in three urban areas of Nigeria in November, 1981 commissioned by the United States Information Agency (USIA), and a content analysis of the international edition of Newsweek for October and November, 1981, seven weeks before and during the survey. The investigation yielded inconclusive results in its comparison of the Newsweek agenda to the magnitude of the relationships between reading Newsweek and selecting each of the same problems as important. Specifically, when comparing the Newsweek's coverage of 12 international problems to Newsweek readers' agenda (as compared to non-readers, controlling for background factors), measured from the estimated effects of Newsweek readership and reliance on the selection of each of these problems, a modest positive but non significant rank-order correlation (r = 0.475) was found.
- Date Issued:
- 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This article describes and analyses the law affecting the mass media in Kenya. It poses and attempts to answer the questions: (a) who should define the role of the press? (b) how much control may the state exercise over the press? and (c) what accepted methods and instruments of control should the state adopt? It argues that state interest in the control of the press has been achieved through (a) determining how the press is to perform its role, and (b) by becoming part of the press (through ownership) and participating in defining its role. In Kenya, several legal and administrative instruments exist for controlling the press, which are to be found in public, private, criminal, commercial, and administrative legal processes. This state of affairs has not always permitted of smooth government-press relations irrespective of the legitimacy and justifiability of state action against the media. It suggests the establishment of a representative institution for canvassing various interests bearing on the performance and conduct of the press, granting and guaranteeing the right to a hearing before a tribunal before any curbs on the press are imposed, and the right of the press to appeal in the event of state action against it.
- Date Issued:
- 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This article is a response to the quest for more relevant strategies for communication training in Africa. It reviews the liberal social theories upon which Third World studies have been anchored and rejects them for having led to the current crisis of theory in communication training. Opting for a Marxian political economy approach, it suggests, inter alia, the study of imperialism in all its manifestations as a way of understanding the current reality in Africa; the need to relate theory and practice (through field work) in communication training; and the incorporation of sufficient social science theories and applications thereof into communication syllabi of African training institutions.
- Date Issued:
- 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper calls for a critical appraisal of the use of the politically loaded words which are normally associated with liberation struggles. It suggests that these terms are often vaguely defined and mean different things to different publics. Their constant use, therefore, tends to obscure the message and to create a communication gap. The writer subscribes to the view that, contrary to the intention of the message senders, many of the descriptors used present a denigrating image of the groups they set out to help and that both these descriptors as well as the criteria for classifying the groups should be reconsidered. This she thinks, is one of the important assignments which development communicators should undertake.
- Date Issued:
- 1987-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This article critically analyzes the role of the Party newspapers in mobilizing the masses in Tanzania. It examines the existence of mass mobilizing content in the papers by method of content analysis. Three criteria were used to evaluate the extent to which four major message types carried potentially-mobilizing content for a period of one year. The article also examines the extent to which the existing communications infrastructure in Tanzania supports the process of mass mobilization through the party newspapers and other print media. It was found that there was an insignificant amount (16%) of media content for mass mobilization in the Party papers. Also, the communications infrastructure in Tanzania further hampered the process of mass mobilization through the Party papers and other print media. The article recommends an integrative policy and planning approach for the entire information and communications industry in Tanzania to enhance the media's roles in mass mobilization for development.
- Date Issued:
- 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper seeks to propagate the idea that Islam is a communicative religion. Allah is communicative God Who takes keen interest in the affairs of His creatures. Interpersonal communication, human interaction and societal relationships in Islam are two way processes of sharing ideas and concerns in open and free environments of love and dedication. The paper is a discussion on how Islam deals with every element of the communication process. The paper concludes that society has a duty to work for, preserve and enhance the unity, strength, integrity, tranquillity and development of society through interpersonal communication, human interaction and social relationships.
- Date Issued:
- 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The paper traces colonial legacies in Nigeria's press laws. Specifically, it traces the early antecedents of the Public Officers (Protection Against False Accusation) Decree No. 4 of 1984 and finds that it was modelled after earlier libel and sedition laws and the Newspaper Amendment Act, all of which criminalize free speech and opinion directed against those in authority. The study finds similarities in the motivations behind the promulgation of Decree No. 4 and those behind the earlier libel and sedition laws, i.e. fear of those in authority of criticism. Although Nigerian courts were reluctant to uphold individuals' rights of free speech and opinion shortly after independence, the study finds that later court decisions have found sections of the criminal code and sedition laws which criminalize free speech to be anachronistic and unconstitutional.
- Date Issued:
- 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
70. Organizations
- Description:
- This paper makes a case for the study of organizational communication as essential to development communication. It briefly traces the history of development communication and how mass media became synonymous with development communication. The assumptions underlying mass media's pre-eminence is revisited in order to make a case for organizational communication in an African environment. In the later sections, it describes a model for the study of development systems and organizational communication components.
- Date Issued:
- 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- In an attempt to redeem the imbalance in the quality of life between the rural and urban areas, Nigeria's Federal Military Government set up the Directorate of Food, Roads and Rural Infrastructure (DFRRI) in February 1986 to provide the much needed infrastructural base for the development of rural areas. In the same vein, the mass media have been urged to join in this battle to uplift the quality of life in the rural areas. This study examined the two years (1984 and 1985) before the setting up of DFRRI, and 1986 and 1987 when the directorate had operated with a view to finding out if there were qualitative and quantitative differences in Nigerian newspapers' coverage of the rural areas between these two periods. Some were noticed while, in the main, there were little qualitative differences between the two periods.
- Date Issued:
- 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper discusses a systemic approach to development information management at the grassroots. It proceeds by defining the term "systemic" and by re-deflning and/or reconceptualizing "grassroots" as a development concept. A systemic approach to information management at the grassroots must address not only rural areas but also urban peripheries. For effective grassroots information management, there must be a shift in focus from endusers to decision-makers. Horizontal communication channels must be harnessed to sensitize and activate all sectors of society for participatory decision-making at the grassroots.
- Date Issued:
- 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- Paulo Freire's ideas on the contents, methods and purposes of education are relevant in any serious consideration of the African development dilemma. Not only because he worked in and experimented with African societies, but also because of the universal flavour of his pedagogy, Paulo Freire brings some refreshing insights into strategies for responsible development through culturally-sensitive direct and mass-mediated education.
- Date Issued:
- 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This article is a systematic assessment of how nine key concepts in social marketing can help us in drawing up effective rural development campaigns in Africa. The focus is on how to use these concepts in formulating a strategy for communicating agricultural innovations in African rural settings. The article recognises the fact that there is no single overall reliable method for communicating with farmers everywhere but believes that the social marketing principles can be more successful with the farmer in most rural situations.
- Date Issued:
- 1986-06-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The thesis of this paper is that meaningful and lasting development can only be based on the mobilisation of our people for effective transformation of the developmental process. However, the continuing search by Nigeria since independence for more dynamic, efficient and relevant strategies of achieving real development does imply frustration with past attempts as well as our inability to maximally and positively exploit these resources for the upliftment and well-being of the Nigerian people. This has resulted in the marginalisation of the vast majority of the people in the transformation process, particularly because of the low level of their education and, therefore, low consciousness which not only made them vulnerable to fraudulent manipulations by politicians, but has created among them a culture of helplessness, apathy and indifference about the happenings in the political and economic process.
- Date Issued:
- 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- Much of what people know about foreign countries is learned from the mass media rather than from personal experience. This study investigates media use, knowledge of world affairs and images of people and nations among a sample of 368 Nigerian undergraduate students.
- Date Issued:
- 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This article critiques a specific systems theorist in terms of academic mythmaking. Barthes (1972) argues that myths contain a kernel of truth for "the form does not suppress meaning, it only impoverishes it. But the kernel is hardly the whole corn, and if it is substituted for the whole, it will mislead any attempt to understand that whole. In this paper, I will show how this self-deception affects the systems theorist's analysis, and his practical efforts to transform social processes outside the confines of academia. The "kernel of truth" is taken as the whole truth, and hence distorts, misleads and mythologises concepts and processes upon which the analysis is based. Three articles are critically examined in view of the potential of self-deception and show that the systems analysis discussed cannot provide new insights into the "complex process of political communication" beyond entrenching the prevailing order.
- Date Issued:
- 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper makes a case for the utilization of traditional systems of communication in the development process. The paper underscores the usefulness of traditional systems of communication by noting that they are instrumental in the mobilization of people at the grassroot level for community development and national consciousness; the enlightenment of people in cultural, political, health, and other programmes leading toward self-actualization; public entertainment through arts, cultural festivals, musicals and dramatic performances; and intracultural, intercultural and other communication purposes leading to group and national cohesiveness. Contending that the traditional newsman is the only credible source of information for the rural areas, the author urges that his (the traditional newsman's) mobility and hardware be improved to facilitate his work.
- Date Issued:
- 1987-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper discusses the impact of mass communication on development. It suggests that, depending on how it is used and what it contains, mass communication has the 'potential for good as well as evil'. After reviewing the social and psychological prerequisites for development and effective use of the mass media, the paper discusses some research findings on the role of the mass media on development. It argues that for there to be positive change in society, the people must appreciate the need for such change. The mass media can help in this cause, depending on their use and content.
- Date Issued:
- 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- Intolerance in the contemporary African societies has been best manifested in bitter wars, loss of lives and property, rampant violation of human rights and in some cases total lack of law and order creating chaos in the continent. The complexities of such conflicts vary from one country to another making it impossible for the organizations concerned to find one single mechanism for conflict resolution. A lot more is to be done by the churches and the world bodies to explore common factors in social conflicts; to sensitize the participants in matters of religious tolerance, justice and peace; to highlight support and encourage the role of churches and other groups in promoting dialogue among the warring protagonists. This article portrays the situation in the Sudan and provides indications as to how the problems should be addressed in an enlightened manner. The article focuses on the issues that caused the Sudanese conflict plus the wars and their impact on the Sudanese people as their neighbours. It looks at the peace initiatives and makes pertinent suggestions and recommendations.
- Date Issued:
- 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper examines the role of communication training and research in integrated rural development. The author's major thesis is that if rural development communicators and workers in developing countries are inculcated with the right skills, they can utilize the rich potentials of modern and traditional communication to achieve rural development goals. He proposes an appropriate training programme for the kind of development communicators he envisages. He also suggests a research model that would facilitate the work of such communicators. His recommended training programme blends development theory and practice, development communication theory and practice, as well as information delivery strategies, techniques, evaluation and field work.
- Date Issued:
- 1987-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- Testimonial has for long been one of the major techniques of executing television commercials. People considered celebrities often make huge sums of money from endorsing products or services. One area of interest in the employment of endorsers is their use in every day, cheap and widely available products. This study explored the consequences for credibility of the use of international, high-brow celebrities in endorsing these kinds of products. A sample of students of the Department of Mass Communication at the Anambra State University of Technology was used. Questionnaires measuring their attitudes towards the use of an international, sophisticated endorser on a currently running Lux commercial were administered. Results show that the use of such type of endorsement did not have any significant positive impact on perception and overall credibility of the endorsement. Interest, however, was discovered to be a major predisposing factor in the perception of the credibility of the endorser.
- Date Issued:
- 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This article examines the type, objectives and availability of agricultural programmes on Nigerian television based on an examination of the social structure. Agricultural programmes were limited in focus, perspective and range of issues treated. The programmes were mainly concerned with the transfer of technology and ideas to the neglect of other crucial socio-structural issues. Because it has been difficult to get sponsors for agricultural programmes, unlike entertainment programmes which dominate the prime viewing hours, the policy of commercialisation is responsible for the lack of agricultural programmes on Nigerian television.
- Date Issued:
- 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
85. Advertisements
- Date Issued:
- 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The present relations of dependency of Third World countries on the industrilizcd countries are sustained by the well-known inequalities in technological resources between the North and the South. This article presents two levels for analysing the role of media technology in perpetuating this dependency syndrome: (1) the role of technology in the information and communications sectors; and (2) the impact of multinational corporations in news coverage, and, hence, on local culture, through their news agencies and other cultural products. It posits three questions to guide technology choice in Africa: (1) Why choose a particular technology? (2) To what end? (3) Which social group(s) will benefit from the technology economically, politically, and culturally?
- Date Issued:
- 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This is a case study of usage of two print media newspapers and magazines by secondary school teachers in an educational district of Nigeria. Using a survey design, the study found varying levels of significance of usage of the media for functional purposes, i.e. entertainment, personal identity, information, integration and social interaction.
- Date Issued:
- 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- En reconnaissant les défis face à l'avenir pour la presse africaine, cet article parle du circulation de l'information et le pluralisme. D'après l'article, les principaux défis face à l'avenir de la presse africaine sont (1) la rupture de la spirale du silence; (ii) la généralisation de l'acces à l'information; (ii) la diversification de l'information; (iv) l'avenir du service public; (v) les acteurs de la circulation de l'information; (vi) le défi de la rumeur; (vii) les pesanteurs sociologiques; et (viiii) la circulation de l'lnformatlon au plan international. Les conclusions de l'auteur sont que la presse africaine se trouve dans une position beaucoup plus favorable que dans le passé pour jouer un rôle dans la culture de la démocratie et au même temps pour nouer avec la presse internationale des relations de maturité.
- Date Issued:
- 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The decade of the 1980s could, from a communications perspective, be typified as the period of 'social mobilisation'. Rather than expanding on the theoretical assumptions underlying the social mobilisation approach for development, this article discusses the consequences of the theoretical assumptions for the use of personal and mass media, as experienced in the African context.
- Date Issued:
- 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- Paulo Freire has established a position for himself among those who seek to explore the meaning and praxis inherent in liberation movements, Freire was concerned about some of the constraints of committed and practically-oriented education: centralised bureaucracies, alienation, foreign language and illiteracy. These notwithstanding, his pedagogy always rings afresh, especially as his main themes of liberation, freedom, conscientization and practical action which are still contemporary concerns in African development. Thus Freire seems to be engaging African development enthusiasts in a perpetual dialogue.
- Date Issued:
- 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper directs its attention on information campaign effectiveness. It examines some theoretical and practical considerations that should be taken into account in planning and executing public englightenment campaigns in Nigeria and other developing countries and offers a multimedia model for more effective information campaigns in these areas. According to the model, well prepared and packaged information campaign messages should flow from the information campaign headquarters to the mass media and the interpersonal and group communication channels, and through these channels to the target audiences with continual monitoring and evaluation by campaign officials. The suggested model is diagramatically provided.
- Date Issued:
- 1986-06-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- Conflicts have always been part of human society and mechanisms to resolve them have often tended to reflect the level of political organisation in a particular society. The traditional African society is rife with varied approaches to conflict management. Uganda, for example, is a heterogeneous society which prior to colonial rule was organised around chiefdoms among some tribes and clan elders among others. In the Kingdom areas such as Buganda, Ankore, Bunyoro, Toro and to some extent in Busoga the king ruled through institutions such as the hierarchy of chiefs and laws. In segmentary societies such as Kigezi, Bugisu, Bamba, Bakonjo and the Iteso, the political and social organisation was clan based, regulated by customs and values. In pre-colonial Uganda each society had set conventions, customs and traditions which regulated social behaviour, harmony and stability. These unwritten laws provided a set of acceptable behaviour and controlled deviants in society. Despite the differences in political organisation, it is generally agreed that each of these societies had elaborate systems of governance, rule of law, justice and administrative organs. Each member of society was supposed to know his rights and sanctions were imposed on those individuals who did not comply with the norms. This article will address the issue of conflict, how it was dealt with in traditional African culture, the methods of communication both in traditional and modern Uganda and the question of rights and responsibilities in promoting cross-cultural amity.
- Date Issued:
- 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This two-pronged study is composed of a content analysis of the Daily Nation and the Kenya Times as well as a survey of 21 journalists who work for those two newspapers. The content analysis was conducted for the November 1, 1992 to January 31, 1993 editions of both papers, excluding Sunday editions. The sampling period included the final two months of the 1992 Kenyan general elections campaign, and the month that followed it. National news, opinion, and letter pages of both papers were analyzed. The survey featured some open-ended questions and some statements to which the respondents were asked to respond on a five-point scale ranging from "disagreeing strongly" through "neither agree nor disagree" to "agree strongly". The content analysis of the papers suggests that journalists are willing to report ethnic conflicts, especially if they result in violence. They believe ethnic tensions are influential, dangerous, and often politically motivated. Neither Daily Nation nor the Kenya Times de-emphasizes articles or opinions referring to ethnicity to an extent that would suggest that ethnic concerns do not exist, or are unimportant in Kenya. Both dailies avoided treating ethnic phenomena with silence. The survey suggests that the issue of ethnicity is not ignored; however it is not treated by journalists as the essential key to understanding the country. Kenyan journalists appear to be optimistic about the resolution of ethnic conflicts, and their role in that resolution.
- Date Issued:
- 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Date Issued:
- 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The impact of the information superhighway on journalism education in Africa is addressed by the author. The theme of this paper is that the communal approach should be used in solving moral problems in journalism. The individualism and divisionism that permeate the practise of journalism in Africa today should be discarded since they are not only unAfrican but also professionally unhealthy. The article asserts that African journalism would have an inbuilt self-correcting mechanism that facilitates journalists counselling one another. It is submitted herein that world journalism, equally beset with divisionist and selfish approaches to the practice of ethical journalism, could learn from Africa the value of journalistic solidarity and common problem-solving. The article ends with a note that the world needs journalism with a human face.
- Date Issued:
- 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- This paper highlights the need fora new ideology of professionalism in the face of the social and political realities of the Third World. It calls for a reassessment of the role of journalists, and the function of journalism and journalism education in Africa. It argues that proficiency in the receptive and expressive language skills should be made an integral part of journalism education and neither relegated to the syllabuses of other departments which have a variety of objectives of their own, nor left to develop by chance. Language, the vital tool of journalists, has to be utilized in newer and subtler ways in contemporary communication environments.
- Date Issued:
- 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
- Description:
- The concepts of media as the fourth estate and the society's watchdog are popular among communication scholars. However, a consideration of the actualization of this concept is indicative of the media's failing in playing these roles. Very often, the media marginalise and disempower the masses whose causes they ought to promote. If the media were to truly play the watchdog role as the fourth estate, then both the structure and ownership of the media must be reviewed with a view to redressing the imbalances that make them tools for the disempowerment of civil society in Africa.
- Date Issued:
- 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Michigan State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Africa Media Review
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