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- Notes:
- A group of French prisoners of war carrying their recent purchases march through the streets of Berlin under a German guard. These men probably gave their parole that they would not attempt to escape, which allowed them to shop in the city.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian, French, and Belgian prisoners of war line up at the window of the camp kitchen at Goettingen where they will receive their barrack's ration of food. They will then carry the meals back to their quarters for the final distribution.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners enjoyed their meals in the hotel dining room in Bezau (Kreuzstein), which was vastly different from the mes halls that enlisted men used in Austrian captivity. The Orthodox cross on the back table suggests that the officers' mess might have served double duty as a chapel on Sunday mornings.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This German orderly is carrying several loaves of "war bread" which will be distributed to the Allied prisoners at Magdeburg. Due to the effectiveness of the Allied blockade of the North Sea, the bread issued to POW's had little relationship to pre-war goods as bakers substituted a number of ingredients for the flour. British prisoners also preferred white bread to German dark breads which reduced the appeal of war bread.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is the interior of the prison camp kitchen at Goettingen where French and British prisoners of war smoke pipes and receive instructions on that day's meal. The cooks prepare the soup in the large stoves and vats of potatoes stand along the walls. Mass production of prepared food was essential for the daily maintenance of a prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A British sailor hands a loaf of bread to a French prisoner under the supervision of a German NCO in the bread warehouse in Zossen. Russian prisoners look on from the right as a British POW loads some bread into a hand truck which will be used to distribute the bread in the camp. Note the stacks of loaves of bread behind the prisoners. Bread was a major component of POW rations in all German prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Thousands of Russian prisoners line up for their dinner rations in the prison compound at Hammerstein. Their soup will be ladled from the large wooden barrels at the front of each line. This system ensured that all of the POW's received the same rations and worked well during nice weather.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is a sample of the weekly menu for breakfast, lunch, and dinner for British prisoners of war at Giessen. The menu not only identifies the food served at each meal, it also includes the weight of each portion in grams. The Germans took a scientific approach to feeding POW's and publicized food allotments to counter Allied propaganda that they were starving Entente prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Russian cooking staff is busy preparing a meal in the prison kitchen in Schneidemuehl under the direction of a German non-commissioned officer. Meals were mass produced in the large pressure cookers for the prison population.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war line up for additional food and provisions outside the window of the camp canteen at Limburg. One French soldier, in the line to the left, proudly wears two medals on his chest, while a German non-commissioned officer stands to the right. These prisoners could make their purchases using their prison script (Lagergeld) which they received for their work assignments or from their savings in the prison camp bank.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A French North African prisoner of war holds a bowl of potatoes for sale along with other goods at his outdoor "booth" at the prison camp at Cassel. Russian POWs and internees are interested in his wares since fresh potatoes will enhance their daily rations.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners and German staff members prepare dinner in the huge cookers in the background of the photograph of the camp kitchen at Guetersloh. The food will be served in the dining hall in the large pots sitting on the table. Mass production of rations was essential to feed large numbers of prisoners three times a day.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war carry their bowls of soup back to their barracks at meal time from the camp kitchen in a German prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The prisoners often planted flower gardens to decorate their surroundings and provide a pastime, which often included vegetables to enhance their rations. This is a photograph of a flower patch between the wooden barracks at Hameln.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners with money could purchase additional food and supplies at the prison camp canteen. In this drawing, French POW's obtain some food from the soup canteen at Muensingen.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Fifteen-thousand Russian prisoners of war line up for a meal in Augustowo, in Russian Poland. The feeding and care of millions of Allied POW's placed a tremendous strain on the German war economy. The author suggests that the burden of feeding millions of Entente POWs would help the Allies win the war.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners who just arrived in the prison compound at Schneidemuehl line up for their first dinner in the camp. They will be organized and assigned accommodations in the barracks similar to the buildings behind them.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Smiling French and Belgian prisoners pose for a photograph with their bowls of soup in hand at the prison camp at Zossen (including one French North African POW standing on the left side of the photo). These pictures of content prisoners with lots of soup were distributed in the West to counter Allied accusations of starvation in German prisons.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is a photograph of the kitchen in the officers' prison camp at Mainz. Officers enjoyed fresh fruit and canned vegetables with their meals. Meals were prepared in the large vats to the left. Note the day's menu written on the chalk board at the foot of the pressure cooker.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners line up outside a barrack to receive their noon meals at Koenigsbrueck. Soup is on the menu as demonstrated by the meal on the table to the right of the door. Note the unidentified civilian in the foreground of the photograph.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is a copy of the menu for Easter dinner in 1916 in the prison camp at Mauthausen; the dinner included wine for POW's.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British Indian Muslim troops prepare to slaughter three sheep for dinner at the Muslim camp kitchen in Zossen while French North African POWs watch the processing. Note the pile of potatoes in the background on the ground. Zossen-Wuensdorf was a propaganda camp in which Muslim prisoners enjoyed special privileges. The Germans planned to recruit Muslim POW's to fight for the Sultan in the jihad against the Allies.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- In this interesting wood block print, a Russian prisoner holding two birds is conversing through the camp fence with a German woman and a boy, under the scrutiny of a German guard. The Russian prisoner and German woman appear to be conducting some kind of transaction that involves the exchange of the poultry. Prisoners had time to produce a wide range of goods that could be bartered, although the process would not usually be conducted so openly in public.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British prisoners, captured at Kut-al-Amara, designed this coat of arms for the prison camp at Kastamuni. The arms are divided into four quarters: the upper left quarter shows a veil covering pain and agony; the upper right depicts an English lion enchained on a blood red field; the lower right has a rising sun signifying the dawn of hope; and the lower right employs a cross and crescent joined in charity. A prisoner overladen with bread and other provisions is at the left, while a Turkish guard stands to the right. St. Bruno is situated above the arms, making the sign of patience with his right hand and holding an olive branch, in hope for the end of the war, in his left. The camp's motto is "Hope, Brothers!"
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- German soldiers operate seven potato peeling machines in the prison camp at Wittenberg while POW's watch. Normally POW's would assume the task of peeling potatoes by hand, but the sheer number of potatoes required for meals at large prison camps encouraged the Germans to introduce machinery to prepare potatoes and other meals.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Food conditions were harsh for Russian prisoners of war in German prison camps who did not receive food parcels from home. This drawing depicts two Russian POW's scrounging in used ration pots, which contain rejected food, for scraps to supplement their daily rations. These pots contained garbage from the barracks and well supplied British and French prisoners often threw out many of their German rations.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows a group of Italian prisoners of war slowly starving to death in Siegmundsherberg. It was taken secretly with a small camera and smuggled out of Austria by an Italian POW who was repatriated to Switzerland during the war. This photograph was also used to show the effects of tuberculosis among Italian prisoners in Austrian prison camps. Poor diets in Austrian prison camps was the result of the Allied blockade and the reluctance of the Italian government to spend food parcels to prisoners in Italy, especially after the Caporetto disaster.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Five British prisoners of war sit on a bench in front of the store room at Limburg peeling potatoes, under the watchful gaze of a German non-commissioned officer. The store room appears full given the bags of supplies behind the window. Note that the British prisoners wear identification bands on their upper left arms.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This drawing depicts French, Belgian, and British prisoners enjoying the evening smoking and playing cards in the canteen at the officers' camp in Burg. They are served by a Russian orderly and Gladys, the hostess. Prisoners were not totally cut off from the presence of women, who occasionally worked in canteens in German prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Seven prisoners of war at Ohrdruf enjoy some refreshments outside of their barracks. French, French North African, Belgian, Russian, and British (Scottish) soldiers partake in a social opportunity early in the war.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Belgian prisoners, and civilian internees, enjoy refreshments at the canteen at the prison camp at Celle. The canteen appears to be well stocked with provisions and the POW's have money to make purchases.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- While most enlisted men lived in large dormitory settings, some POW's enjoyed more elegant surroundings. These five French prisoners, probably non-commissioned officers, are enjoying a dinner that includes several bottles of wine and an ample supply of bread, served on a white table cloth. Only one of the participants is in a uniform, which includes a Red Cross armband.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A squatting Italian prisoner tears into a loaf of bread while another Italian POW watches in the prison compound at Mauthausen. By the end of the war, the Allied blockade had a serious impact on the quantity and quality of rations that the Austrians provided to prisoners. This desperate situation was compounded by the Italian government's decision to restrict parcel shipments to POW's in the Dual Monarchy after the Caporetto fiasco.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war carry their barrack's ration of soup in the large part in the prison compound in Goettingen. They will serve the meal to their messmates in their quarters. This type of distribution avoided long food lines of individual POW's at the camp kitchen; this approach simultaneously prevented German authorities from supervision the final distribution of the rations.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of starving Italian prisoners after their repatriation from Austrian prison camps pose for a photograph. In addition to malnutrition, all of these men suffered tuberculosis.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Jewish Russian prisoners sit at a table, decorated with candles in wine bottles, outside of their barracks for their Passover meal. One prisoner pours wine while another reads from the Torah.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Belgian prisoners of war line up for their lunch rations with their soup bowls in hand in an unidentified German prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners maintained pig stys along the perimeter fence between the compounds at Soltau. The POWs tended the pigs and other livestock to enhance the bland quality of their regular fare and increase their meat rations. The Allied naval blockade had a severe impact on the diversity of POW meals. The stys were located next to one compound's parade/athletic grounds and the road between the compounds. Note the guard towers in the background which were built to observe the barbed-wire fences.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A large group of Russian prisoners are finishing up their soup and prepare for their baths (as demonstrated by the towels over many of their shoulders). German authorities imposed strict bathing regimen on all prisoners of war as an important means in preventing the outbreak of epidemics in camps. The Germans often commented on the Russian prisoners' reluctance to bathe despite the health risks of not doing so.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Belgian prisoners leave the camp kitchen at Zossen with bowls of hot soup in hand. They will eat their meals in their barracks.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of French and Russian prisoners of war at Puchheim enjoy an outdoor luncheon of hot soup outside of their barrack.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This store room in Merseburg holds two key materials for any prison camp: a large pile of potatoes sits to the right of the room (an important ingredient in prisoners' daily diets) and a large pile of coal is at the left (coat was a critical source of energy). A prison camp consumer huge quantities of potatoes and coal on a daily basis as part of the camp's operations. These supplies were essential to support the prison camp during the long winter months.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Two French prisoners team carry their barracks' dinner from the camp kitchen at Muensingen while POW's from other barracks wait for their allotments. In the background is a disinfection wagon for POW uniforms. This water color painting shows the hills surrounding the prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war unload a shipment of cabbages from a wagon in front of the prison camp kitchen at Nuernberg. They could expect a dinner of cabbage soup that evening while many of the cabbages would go into storage for future consumption.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This sketch of a group of Russian officers at Torgau, enjoying the evening by drinking hot tea and caramel beer while singing hymns in the prison camp canteen. Officers had a lot of time on their hands, especially since they were not expected to work by the German authorities.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Two French prisoners create a variety of columns, urns, and planters from cement molds in their workshop at Heuberg. Many of these works would become memorials in the POW cemetery. Note the two pigs rutting around in the background of the photograph. Pork products were a welcome addition to the prisoners' diet.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The meat larder at the Lamsdorf prison camp is full of pork, beef, sausages, and other foodstuffs early in the war (this photograph was taken in 1915). A German cook and an Allied POW work in the storeroom in preparation for the next meal. The Allied blockade of Germany placed a heavy burden on the Germans' ability to feed prisoners of war within a year.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Indian Muslim prisoners of war relax outside the prison camp kitchen at Zossen-Wuensdorf. Some of the prisoners are preparing sheep for slaughter for their dinner. The kitchen maintained strict religious standards for the Muslim POW's incarcerated in the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British internees line up with their dinner pails waiting for their lunch rations at the camp kitchen in Ruhleben. A German guard stands by the door near an internee who is already eating his soup. Several of the prisoners appear to be in good human, including the man in the center of the photo wearing his soup bowl as a helmet.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners set up booths plying a wide range of wares outside of their barracks in Cassel. POW's had access to food and other commodities which they could sell to other inmates. This food complemented the rations the German authorities issued to war prisoners. A German non-commissioned officer checks out the goods for sale at the right.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Indian prisoners prepare unleaven bread from a special wheat flour in an oven in the prison camp at Zossen-Wuensdorf. Indian POW's peer through the barbed-wire covered window to watch the bakers at work. As a propaganda camp designed to recruit Muslim prisoners for Turkish Army service, the Germans permitted the Indian POW's to prepare special meals that were not available in other camps.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian officers enjoy a meal in the dining hall in the prison camp at Guetersloh. They drink coffee and beer with their dinners and are served by an orderly in the white coat.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A French officer tastes the day's soup in the camp kitchen at Limburg, as Russian and German cooks prepare for the distribution of the meal to the prisoners. Feeding all of the men in a prison camp on a daily basis was a massive undertaking in spite of wartime food shortages.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Another group of Italian prisoners of war pose for a photograph showing the devastation of insufficient diets and tuberculosis on their bodies. They had recently arrived in Italy after repatriation from captivity in Austrian prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners carry out hot bowls of soup from the camp kitchen in Zossen and are heading back to their barrack to enjoy their meal. In some prison camps, all POWs had to report to the camp kitchen for their rations while at others two prisoners would visit the kitchen and bring back a large pot of rations which would be distributed inside the barracks.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The protruding bones and pencil thin arms of these Italian prisoners of war aptly demonstrate the food problems that existed in Austro-Hungarian prison camps as a result of the Allied blockade. These men also suffered from tuberculosis, in addition to malnutrition. They were photographed by Italian officials after they were repatriated from the Dual Monarchy.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- In the evening, after a long day, prisoners often socialized over a cooking fire, preparing some food from their parcels. In this drawing, French prisoners cook a meal at Muensingen. Cooking meals in the barracks was prohibited due to the potential for fires.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners unload food provisions in baskets from a wagon under the supervision of a German NCO and armed guards. Soup pots sit on the ground to the right. The scene is from the Winter of 1914-1915 and it is cold--many of the prisoners have their hands in their pockets. The prison barracks at Wetzlar stand behind the prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war eat their lunch outside of their barrack at Hammelburg. They are enjoying a lunch of soup and bread.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners at Friedrichsfeld sit on benches, enjoying the sun in their garden in front of their barrack. The garden features flowers and squash in a star-shaped design. This type of gardening was very popular in prison camps and helped prisoners pass their idle time. Vegetables helped vary prison fare and would help stem hunger later in the war.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This table shows the reductions in German food rations between April 1915 and March 1916 for a variety of foods. The statistics clearly indicate the effectiveness of the Allied blockade of German food imports as people had to give up a variety of foods. Prisoners of war also experienced these food shortages, although Allied prisoners received the same rations as German troops. While the reduction in rations had little effect on American, British, and French POW's, because they received regular food parcels from home, the impact of lowered nutritional standards had a serious impact on Russian, Serbian, Romanian, and Italian prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1921-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Civilian internees assigned to Barrack 5 at the prison camp in Ruhleben line up with their soup buckets for their ration of cabbage soup at the camp kitchen. Note the bars across the window of the kitchen, designed to improve internal security.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- German non-commissioned officers inspect the meat while Russian and French prisoners of war stir the soup. The POW's in this unidentified German prison camp built the camp kitchen, which includes intricate wood carvings.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Russian officers sit down for a meal in the officers' mess at Josefstadt. These prisoners enjoy tables with fresh white table cloths, a serving bar, and a large stove. They will be served by the orderly waiting by the door for the order to begin the meal.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners sit in the prison kitchen peeling a huge pile of potatoes at Darmstadt, under the supervision of a German non-commissioned officer. A barrel of peeled potatoes stands next to the sink. To feed a large prison population took a great deal of time, effort, and resources. Many camps acquired machines to peel potatoes to meet POW dietary needs.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Officers lived in a compound separate from the enlisted men at Wieselburg. This is a photograph of the officers' mess in which the officers enjoyed white table cloths, folded napkins, china, and silverware. This is in stark comparison to the soup bowls and spoons enlisted men used for dinner.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- An American and a French POW play a game of checkers, while another prisoner drinks tea and a French prisoner writes a letter. Arab, French, and British prisoners watch the competition as spectators. The wide range of nationalities in the photograph depicts the world war the Central Powers faced in Europe.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The canteen at Mainz was well-stocked as evidenced by this photograph. Allied officers enjoyed a wide variety of games, athletic equipment, hobby tools, reading material, cigars, furniture, luggage, architectural tools, food, and drinks, as shown in this display. By the end of the war, the availability of food, drinks, and tobacco were seriously reduced. POW officers had the financial resources to take advantage of these stores to improve their lives within the citadel.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- In these drawings, French prisoners stop for a lunch of soup after their capture on the Western Front. A French African colonial solider is featured in the lower center row of the drawings.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Serbian and Russian prisoners line up for their lunch in the prison compound in Nagymegyer. A Hungarian soldier serves the POW's with soup from the large pot in the middle of the compound, under the watchful eye of a Hungarian non-commissioned officer (to the right). Some of the camp's barracks can be seen in the background. Note the white badges on the caps of the prisoners which identifies their POW status.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- These Russian prisoners are heartily enjoying their meal of soup in the compound of a German prison camp. By the end of the war, most Russian prisoners were constantly hungry because they did not receive parcels from home to supplement their daily rations and were known to scavage garbage dumps for food scraps.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The camp commandant samples the daily ration in the prison kitchen at Chemnitz. This kitchen employed French and Belgian cooks, to the left, and Russian workers, to the right. Meals were prepared in the large cooker for a large number of prisoners. This usually meant rations of some kind of soup.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French bakers prepare bread dough in the prison kitchen at Guestrow while fresh bread cools on the shelves behind them. These bakers had to produce a large amount of bread every day to meet the dietary requirements established by the German Ministry of War.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Polish Legionnaires line up for their dinner ration of soup in the prison compound at Huszt in 1918. Prisoners retrieved large pots of soup from the camp kitchen and ladled out the rations in the open compound. The POW's receive their meals under the watchful eye of a Hungarian guard. The Hungarians interned these Polish prisoners in 1916 when they refused to take the oath of allegiance to the new Polish Regency in Poland.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners eat a dinner, consisting primarily of soup, in the mess hall at Ludwigsburg. Two of their comrades have retrieved the dinner from the camp kitchen for distribution inside the barrack. These quarters provide quite of bit of room with lots of ventilation through the windows on each side of the building. The prisoners slept in bunks along the exterior walls. However, unlike POW barracks found in other prison camps, there are no central stoves to keep the quarters warm in the winter.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners of war carry the daily provision of bread into a German prison camp in these large boxes. German non-commissioned officers and sentries accompany the detail to make sure that the bread reaches the distribution point.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A number of incarcerated prisoners (primarily Russian officers with a few French POW's) stand in the courtyard of the fortress waiting for their dinner. There are a number of German guards on the left hand side as well as German staff members to the rear of the group.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Russian prisoners load a wagon full of apples at a market at Frankfurt-am-Main for transportation to the prison camp. These apples will be pressed into juice and stored in the camp. A German Landsturm sentry stands to the left.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Internees, children, and French prisoners of war line up for their meals outside of the camp kitchen at Holzminden. The adults have soup bowls ready while the children carry dinner pails.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British prisoners of war relax in the compound at Doeberitz in the first few months of the war. They eat at the outdoor tables and live in the tents in the background. These men will provide the labor for the construction of the wooden facilities that will house them in the coming years.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian and Romanian prisoners of war assemble in a German prison camp compound. Note that some of the men are wearing rags on their feet instead of boots, despite the cold.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners unload provisions from a train at the prison camp at Guestrow under the direction of German officers and guards. A hand truck sits on the ground in front of the provisions. To feed the large numbers of POW's in parent camps, the Germans had to ship in large quantities of provisions on a regular basis.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Boy prisoners at the Braunau-in-Boehmen prison camp receive dinners of soup from the wooden barrels in the camp compound. Serbian prisoners ladle out their dinners under the supervision of an Austrian NCO. The Association made special efforts to persuade Austrian authorities to concentrate boy prisoners in this camp. The Austrians incarcerated over 2,000 boys in the facility. They accompanied their fathers into battle and were captured by the Austrians.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Polish prisoners of war and interned civilians walk past the old fortress in Rastatt with their dinner pails in hand.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Three Russian prisoners of war with shovels unload a narrow gauge railway car full of potatoes in a German prison camp. A Landsturm guard supervises their work. Railways were critical for transporting supplies to prison facilities for daily operations.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Five Russian prisoners cut up wood scraps to prepare a fire to boil water to make tea in the prison compound at Hammerstein. The wooden barracks in the camp stand in the background. German authorities did not allow prisoners to cook inside of their barracks due to the threat of fire, although tea or water could be boiled on top of the heating stoves during the winter.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners carrying armloads of large loaves of bread form a double line to carry the bread shipment into the prison compound at Zerbst. While many prison camps had bakeries in the prison camp kitchen, German authorities often purchased bread rations from civilian bakers to meet daily rations.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Belgian, French, and a few English prisoners of war stand in front of the prison kitchen at Kaltenkirchen. These prisoners wear identification numbers on white armbands.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners of war line up at the counter of the camp canteen to purchase a wide variety of options. By working inside or outside of the camp, prisoners earned camp script (Lagergeld) which they could use to make purchases at the canteen. This photograph was taken early in the war as the shelves behind the counter are well stocked with a wide range of goods and food. Note that some of the workers providing service at the counter are Russian POW's and that several of the waiting prisoners are wearing wooden shoes.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A wagon full of bread has just arrived at Ulm and at the table to the right French and Russian prisoners weigh the loaves and inspect the quality of the bread. The bread has to be distributed to all of the barracks and a a fair allocation was important for POW survival. The quality of the bread in Germany, especially in prison camps, deteriorated dramatically during the war as a result of the Allied naval blockade.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A thriving commercial district emerged on the infield of the race track at Ruhleben. This drawing shows Bond Street, which featured Ye Olde Pond Shops--the canteen, outfitters, and the police station.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The dining hall at Werl is set for lunch. The tables are covered with table cloths, cutlery, and dishes and there are decanters for liquid refreshment. The room is decorated with pictures on the wall and the prisoners have access to a piano to the left.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war prepare a meal of soup in a German prison camp kitchen. A German supervisor in the white coat observes the process at the right.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- These Serbian prisoners of war received few, if any, parcels to supplement their rations in German prison camps, due to the collapse of their government. Russian, Serbian, Romanian, and many Italian POW's faced starvation on a daily basis because their countries were overrun by the Central Powers.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British and French prisoners of war draw their daily bread rations from a cart under the watchful eyes of German Landsturm guards. The British troops, used to white bread, considered the German "Kriegsbrot" to be a poor substitution, especially as the war continued and substitute ingredients were added to replace flour supplies.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners prepare to butcher a recently slaughtered hog in the prison compound at Danzig. Note the white identification badges on the breast pockets of the prisoners. The pig provided the protein for the POW's for the next meal.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Menu from the officers' prison camp at Villingen for the week of 2-8 August 1915. The menu identifies the daily meal planned for Allied officers, with coffee and sugar for breakfast, and a variety of lunches and dinners. The portion provided to each POW is given in grams, including a daily allowance of 300 grams of bread. To inform the prisoners' family and friends of the good treatment they received in prison camp, the Germans printed menus on envelopes for distribution to the prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- German non-commissioned officers carefully inspect food parcels for contraband while British, Scottish, and French prisoners prepare to distribute the censor-approved packets to fellow prisoners. German enthusiasm for detecting banned items sometimes spoiled food preservation by opening cans and tins or cutting through bread and meat products.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This table shows the reductions in German food rations between May 1916 and June 1919 for a variety of foods. The statistics clearly indicate the effectiveness of the Allied blockade of German food imports as people had to give up a variety of foods. Prisoners of war also experienced these food shortages, although Allied prisoners received the same rations as German troops. While the reduction in rations had little effect on American, British, and French POW's, because they received regular food parcels from home, the impact of lowered nutritional standards had a serious impact on Russian, Serbian, Romanian, and Italian prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1921-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French, Belgian, and Russian prisoners line up outdoors for their allocation of hot soup from the large metal and wooden pots steaming on the ground in the prison compound at Darmstadt. Once the POW's received their rations, they returned to their barracks to eat their meal.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries