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- Notes:
- These French prisoners are tending sheep and cows. This herd is probably part of an unidentified prison camp's food supply system.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and British prisoners board a train at Cambrai bound for Germany and captivity. Many of these men have lost parts of their uniforms and have adopted civilian clothing. Many carry substantial belongings with them as they head for life in a prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of French prisoners of war carrying their recent purchases march through the streets of Berlin under a German guard. These men probably gave their parole that they would not attempt to escape, which allowed them to shop in the city.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The members of the Executive Committee of the World's Committee met on a monthly basis in the World's Alliance headquarters in Geneva. This photograph was taken in 1913 and many of these men would soon return home to support the young men called to their nations' colors.
- Date Created:
- 1913-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- German troops round up all of the males in a Serbian village for internment during the third invasion of the kingdom in 1915.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- These Russian prisoners of war were members of the YMCA Band in a German prison which included brass, woodwind, and percussion sections. They are sitting on the stage of a theater where they performed during theatricals. An unidentified Red Triangle secretary sits behind the big bass drum in civilian attire.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph provides a panoramic view of the prison camp at Ohrdruf. It clearly shows the prison camp barracks, the wire fence (with a German sentry on guard duty), and the Thueringian hills in the background.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows the reading room and library at Cassel. French, Belgian, and Russian prisoners enjoy a wide range of reading materials in the library for both education and entertainment.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian, French, and Belgian prisoners of war line up at the window of the camp kitchen at Goettingen where they will receive their barrack's ration of food. They will then carry the meals back to their quarters for the final distribution.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Allied prisoners of war of all nationalities enjoy a restful Sunday afternoon in the prison compound at Goettingen. Colonel Bogen, the camp commandant, stands in the foreground to the left.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Ten World's Alliance secretaries who worked in War Prisoners' Aid service in Bulgaria meet in a conference room with the Swiss and two Bulgarian flags draped on the wall behind them. The World's Alliance YMCA symbol is displayed on the wall above the flags. These men provided social services to Allied prisoners languishing in Bulgarian prison camps during the war.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Austro-Hungarian troops execute blind-folded Serbian prisoners of war in a firing squad. These Serbian prisoners may have been irregular troops conducting a guerilla war against the Austro-Hungarian occupation forces. Under international law, irregular troops did not enjoy the same protections as regular troops.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- An unidentified YMCA secretary, on the right, stands outside a lazaret in a German prison camp with a Russian doctor and an unknown civilian (in the center). A French orderly and several patients pose by the door of the lazarette.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is the front page of the first edition of "The Barbed Wireless," a newspaper for American POW's at Rastatt, a German propaganda camp for Ukrainian prisoners of war (note that the price of the newspaper is in kopeks, the prison camp's currency). The newspaper focused on humor, as reflected on the two headline stories, and cartoons (the newspaper was mimeographed). The editors included sports scores and camp announcements, featuring YMCA activities.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian sergeants and corporals enjoyed a higher standard of living in relation to the rank and file depicted in this drawing of a Russian non-commissioned officer's room in Muensingen. Not only does the non-commissioned officer have a single bed, wall cabinet, and desk, he has a number of musical instruments (a mandolin, balalaika, and accordion) and fans decorate the walls.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- An international orchestra composed of Allied prisoners performs under the direction of a German director in the prison camp at Wahn. The orchestra includes stringed, reed, and percussion instruments and the music stands appear to have been made in the camp. Musical performances helped improve camp morale and many musicians were internationally-renowned before the war.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A view of prisoners in a washroom in the enlisted men's prison at Wuerzburg. This photograph was taken from the door way of the washroom and shows the window. Morning washing was important from a hygienic perspective to keep POW's clean.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Two prisoners of war walk along a path outside of the hospital ward at Goettingen. The lazaret was located on the periphery of most camps and separated by fences so that in the event of the outbreak of a communicable disease, the ward could be more easily isolated from the general camp population.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- English prisoners of war assemble in front of the new YMCA Hall at Goettingen for a group photograph. The new hall is decorated with evergreens for the inauguration ceremony.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- E.C.W. Sandes, a British officer incarcerated in the prison camp at Yozgad, posed for this photograph as "Don Sandesco," the Bandmaster of the POW band.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners enjoyed their meals in the hotel dining room in Bezau (Kreuzstein), which was vastly different from the mes halls that enlisted men used in Austrian captivity. The Orthodox cross on the back table suggests that the officers' mess might have served double duty as a chapel on Sunday mornings.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Two British prisoners of war plane the bark off wooden logs as a German guard in a Pickelhaube watches their work.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This storeroom in the Geneva headquarters of the World's Alliance of YMCA's is where secretraries prepared circulating libraries for shipment to labor detachments in the Central Power and Allied nations. The walls of the hallway are covered with stacks of circulating libraries, a testiment to their popularity among prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This color painting shows a severely wounded French prisoner recovering from a head injury.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Six members of the American Help Committee at Rastatt pose for a photograph at the time of their release. Note the excellent condition of these men despite their incarceration in a German prison camps. They were responsible for distributing relief parcels and support camp conditions for needy American POWs.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Belgian and French prisoners arrive at the Sennelager railway station with their meager belongings early in the war. A German officer prepares them for the march to the prison camp and captivity.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Belgian prisoners receive "care packages" outside of the barracks at Minden I. The parcels are distributed by POW Red Cross workers, laboring under the direction of German non-commissioned officers. Great efforts were taken by the Red Cross to ensure that these parcels, sent by Allied governments, were received by the POWs and not lost enroute.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The regular washing of clothing was an important means of preventing the spread of disease and maintaining military standards in prison camps. Russian prisoners wash their clothing using hot water provided by the boilers in the wash room at Muensingen.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- With the German imperial flag waving to the left, this photograph shows the entrance to the prison camp at Zossen-Wuensdorf. This watch tower was typical in most German prison camps and played an important role in camp security since sentries could keep track of activities within the facility, including escape attempts.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph provides a view of the barges and barracks at the north end of the prison camp at Danzig on the Vistula River. Prisoners unload planks from barges tied to the docks near the prison camp. The Germans housed some Allied POW's in the barges on the river bank.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Two boxers square off in a boxing exposition on stage at the theater at Goettingen. A referee stands behind the boxers in front of a landscape scene to officiate over the bout.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war take advantage of the reading room in the YMCA hall at Goettingen. They can read books or magazines for pleasure or in preparation for courses. The Association sought to make every man's experience in prison a rewarding one.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Italian prisoners relax in the recreation room in the hospital ward at Dunaszerdahley. The Austrians equipped the room with tables and chairs and decorated the room with maps and coats of arms. Prisoners could read about war news on the wall board in the background.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Panoramic view of the castle at Raabs on a hill overlooking the town, the Thaya river, and the bridge. The Austrians interned Allied civilians in the castle during World War I.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Russian POW clerks work under the supervision of Austrian non-commissioned officers (they are wearing their caps) in the camp's Record Office. This office was administrative center of the prison camp since these records kept track of all the prisoners incarcerated in the facility.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows Russian prisoners of war captured by the Germans during the winter of 1914-1915.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This German orderly is carrying several loaves of "war bread" which will be distributed to the Allied prisoners at Magdeburg. Due to the effectiveness of the Allied blockade of the North Sea, the bread issued to POW's had little relationship to pre-war goods as bakers substituted a number of ingredients for the flour. British prisoners also preferred white bread to German dark breads which reduced the appeal of war bread.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A major theme in German propaganda was the Allied use of colonial troops to promote liberty and to save European civilization. The Germans highlighted the irony of the Allied policy as the British, French, and Russians used subjugated people to defend their liberty. These photographs portray nine French and British colonial soldiers waiting for the end of the war in the prison camp at Muenster-Rennbahn.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- F. Wade drew this picture of a religious service in the YMCA Hall at Ruhleben. A minister delivers a sermon from the pulpit to a packed congregation. The Association made the hall available to members of any faith as a means to promote spiritual life within the prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The prison camp committee's financial statement up to April 1915 showing the facility's receipts and expenditures for various camp activities. These funds supported the wide range of welfare activities conducted for interned British civilians at Ruhleben.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows the "tent prison" (Zeltlager) where some Allied prisoners lived during the construction of the prison camp at Guestrow during the winter of 1914-1915. Some barracks, in the background, have already been constructed. The Germans expected the war to be short in duration and did not anticipate the incarceration of millions of Allied prisoners. As Entente POW's poured into Germany, the prisoners went to work constructing prison facilities. The assignment of prisoners to tents, especially during the winter, led to a number of protests from Allied governments.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A French barber provides a shave to another prisoner reading a newspaper in an unidentified prison camp. This scene was repeated in hundreds of prison camps around the world during World War I.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- One of the most unusual internees at Ruhleben was this South African giant, who towered over the other men in the camp. As a South African subject, the Germans interned him with the other Commonwealth prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners stand in front of the central watch tower at Crossen-an-der-Oder. The Germans set up a defensive position at the base of the watch tower which included a number of field guns designed to allow the guards to maintain control of the camp in the event of a general rebellion. German officers stand in the defensive position while German NCO's organize the Russian prisoners. The central guard tower provided a commanding view of the entire facility.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war and German non-commissioned officers pose in front of a wagon filled with recently arrived parcels outside of the Post Office at Erfurt. A pile of parcels stands to the left behind the prisoners. German censors will inspect all of these packets before they are distributed to the prisoners. The photograph shows a number of buildings in the prison compound as well as the wagon that transported the postal materials.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Russian prisoners made this statue of a suffering man with a drawn sword in memorial to their fallen comrades at Grafenwoehr. The memorial has a Latin inscription, "For the Fatherland," and was dedicated at the prison cemetery.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is the interior of the prison camp kitchen at Goettingen where French and British prisoners of war smoke pipes and receive instructions on that day's meal. The cooks prepare the soup in the large stoves and vats of potatoes stand along the walls. Mass production of prepared food was essential for the daily maintenance of a prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners exercise en masse in the compound of an unidentified German prison camp. Callisthenics helped keep the prisoners in shape and improved camp morale.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- German troops search a house after capturing a sniper, a situation which occurred frequently in Belgium and northern France. The combatant status of snipers was open to interpretation by the Germans and insurgents out of military uniform often received summary judgments.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- These two Romanian prisoners of war are typical examples of captured soldiers on the Romanian front. They arrived in German prison camps in coats missing buttons and wearing rags to keep warm.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Interned civilians pass their afternoon watching a game of chess between two prisoners on lounge chairs in the prison camp at Ruhleben. The camp fence is behind the spectators and a German guard watches from a stand between the wires in the background.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A British sailor hands a loaf of bread to a French prisoner under the supervision of a German NCO in the bread warehouse in Zossen. Russian prisoners look on from the right as a British POW loads some bread into a hand truck which will be used to distribute the bread in the camp. Note the stacks of loaves of bread behind the prisoners. Bread was a major component of POW rations in all German prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Thousands of Russian prisoners line up for their dinner rations in the prison compound at Hammerstein. Their soup will be ladled from the large wooden barrels at the front of each line. This system ensured that all of the POW's received the same rations and worked well during nice weather.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Belgian prisoners of war and interned civilians gather around the news board in the prison compound at Goettingen to read the latest news and announcements. Note the identification badges on the upper left sleeves of most of the POW uniforms.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British prisoners practice a scene from a play on stage in the theater at Limburg. Prisoners often organized quality productions to entertain the other POW's in the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Twelve Polish officers smoke, read, and converse around a table, decorated with a single flower, in cell number 10 at Marmosa-Sziget at night.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners march out of the fortress at Przemsyl after Central Power forces recaptured the stronghold in June 1915. Przemsyl, a strategic pre-war Austrian fortress in the Carpathians, changed hands several times during the war.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Having just finished washing their uniforms, French prisoners hang their clothing outside the laundry to dry in the prison compound at Muenster. The laundry is in the center of a group of barracks. Clean uniforms were critical to prevent the outbreak of contagious diseases inside prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows spectators watching an unidentified sporting event on the infield of the race track at Ruhleben.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A YMCA secretary took this portrait photograph of an Arab prisoner of war in a German POW camp.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Civilian prisoners did not enjoy the same quality of accommodations in the old fortress in Rastatt in comparison to the prison compound for Ukrainian POW's. This drawing depicts the cramped and airless condition of a cell for French internees in one of the bastions.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British, Russian, and Serbian prisoners of war stand at attention in the prison compound at Stargard in the presence of a German nurse. The photograph aptly demonstrates the pitiable condition of Serbian prisoners who wear rags for uniforms.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- As a propaganda camp, prisoners had access to a wide range of activities at Zossen. The Germans have provided these French prisoners with a studio to work on sculptures. There is a base relief on the floor to the right, a small statue of a French soldier sitting, and a large monument on the small table to the right.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph provides a general view of the prison camp at Crossen-an-der-Oder in 1915 at the opening of the YMCA building in this camp. The photo shows the main gate to the camp, the central watch tower, and the various buildings that composed the facility.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Here are examples of two program covers from the prison camp at Doeberitz. The cover on the left is from a theatrical performance of "The Last of the Mohicans," which the prisoners presented on 23 February 1918. The cover on the right is from a souvenir program from the New Doeberitz Empire for a July 1915 production. The smiling British sailor was the symbol of the camp and lived by the motto "Always bright and merry!"
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Catholic prisoners at Koenigstein also enjoyed a very ornate chapel for worship services. The altar features a painting of Christ above it with a communion rail at the base of the altar. The chapel features a chandelier, an eternal flame, two statues, pews, and two large ovens for heat in the winter.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- An almost sentimental view of the barbed-wire fence at Dunaszerdahley on a cloudy, but moonlit night. The wire fence was not only a physical obstacle for POW's, but a mental barrier as well as unhinged prisoners often contracted "barbed-wire disease."
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The YMCA encouraged wounded prisoners to participate in physical therapy (including playing volleyball) or to use prosthetics to rehabilitate paralyzed limbs. The prisoner has lost the use of his left arm and is wearing a prosthetic.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Far from home, a group of Russian prisoners representing nationalities in the Far East pose for this shot. Note the identification number on the right breast of several of the POW's.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Allied civilian internees return to the prison at Traunstein from their Sunday morning service at a local church. The civilians are under guard by German soldiers and Landsturm. While some prison camps had chapels or churches within the facilities for war prisoners, some camps allowed prisoners, who gave their parole not to escape, to visit local churches.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Two German doctors and a nurse pose with two wounded prisoners in the operating room at Darmstadt. The Germans maintained a state-of-the-art operating facility in the hospital of this camp. Six Catholic Sisters served the Allied prisoners during their period of recuperation from wounds or illness.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A German sentry stands guard next to one of the artillery pieces in the prison compound at Guestrow. The Germans designed prison camps with security in mind. By establishing artillery emplacements, the Germans could concentrate superior fire power throughout the camp in the event of a mass rebellion by the prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- German staff officers interrogate a recently captured French prisoner for military intelligence.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- In this water color painting, prisoners walk along one of the camp's tree-lined streets (Allied Boulevard) in Muensingen. Several of the POWs are returning from mail call and are reading their letters on the steps of their barracks or as they walk in the street.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Three German soldiers wait by the railroad tracks next to the prison camp at Wahn for the mail to arrive. One can see the prison compound and barracks across the tracks, behind the barbed-wire fence. The train that brings supplies to the camp also carries the facility's mail and parcels.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Muslim volunteers practice drilling in marching exercises under the direction of German NCO's in the prison compound at Zossen-Wuensdorf beside the mosque. These men volunteered to fight for the Sultan with the Turkish armies in the East against the British and the Russians.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The British prisoners produced this Easter card in 1916 which shows the Doeberitz sailor breaking out of an Easter egg sitting on a nest of made of barbed-wire. The British prisoners in this camp constantly demonstrated an ability to find humor in their situation.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Belgian dry out their recently washed bed linen outside their barrack at Hammelburg. Two prisoners wring out their linen before hanging the clothing to dry on a wash line. Clean linen eliminated vermin and the threat of an epidemic in the packed barracks.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Women wash their clothing in tubs outside of their barracks at Holzminden. They are accompanied by their children and a man stands on a ladder, to the right, repairing a window.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is a sample of the weekly menu for breakfast, lunch, and dinner for British prisoners of war at Giessen. The menu not only identifies the food served at each meal, it also includes the weight of each portion in grams. The Germans took a scientific approach to feeding POW's and publicized food allotments to counter Allied propaganda that they were starving Entente prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- View of the Allied patients in a hospital ward in an unidentified Austrian prison. Red Triangle secretaries visited these unfortunates to bring them spiritual and mental relief during their recovery process. Association workers provided Bibles and spiritual tracts, stationery, books, and gramophones for entertainment.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A Romanian prisoner Arbeitskommando (labor detachment) loads a barge with lumber and boxes on the Danube river under the supervision of German troops.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The prisoners stand on the starting line of a foot race awaiting the command to begin the competition at Rastatt. Three judges stand by the starting post while another prisoner in the background holds a large chalkboard on a stick to inform the spectators of the event.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoner librarians manage the circulating library for French and Belgian POW's at Ohrdruf. Although the book collection is small, the vast majority of books are in circulation among the prison's population since books offered one of the few mental diversions available in prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British internees at Ruhleben relax in deck chairs next to "La Boheme," a social-gathering place. Two German non-commissioned officers join the photograph to the right.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The French orchestra performs an afternoon concert for recuperating sick and wounded prisoners of war in a garden outside of the hospital ward at Goettingen. The civilian standing to the extreme left, talking to the wounded Russian soldier is probably Archibald C. Harte.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners compete in a soccer game in the compound of a German prison camp. Prisoners enjoyed playing soccer and it helped keep them in shape. A German non-commissioned officer serves as the referee.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners of war line up in the compound of a German prison camp in preparation for their weekly baths. The Russians referred to this activity as "Blue Monday." The Russians had a reputation for attempting to avoid baths, since this was a custom alien to many of them (Russian baths were significantly different). The Germans, however, required prisoners to bathe regularly to eliminate potential sources of disease.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- These are samples of some of the correspondence Archibald Harte received from the relatives and friends of German and Hungarian prisoners seeking information about their loved ones in captivity. Many families lost contact with their fathers and sons on the Eastern Front and Harte's trips to Russia sparked some hope that these families could find out some information.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The ball is on its way to the plate as American prisoners of war play a game of baseball in the compound of Rastatt, for the entertainment of Ukrainian spectators. Sports were an important element in maintaining POW morale during their incarceration.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- American POW's with fresh American Red Cross food parcels on their shoulders walk back to their barracks in the prison camp at Rastatt. German prison camps were divided into separate compounds, divided by barbed-wire, to enhance security.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Fire was an ever present danger in the cramped quarters of POW barracks, despite official German prohibitions against smoking and cooking inside the prisoners' quarters. French prisoners man water pumps while another practices working with the hose on a ladder during a fire drill at Regensburg.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Muslim POW's learn to read and write in this YMCA school in the prison camp at Boldogasszonyfa in Hungary. Dual Monarchy officials encouraged the instruction of native languages among POW's, not only for the personal benefit of the prisoners, but also to weaken traditional political bonds in Eastern Europe. The Association, on the other hand, focused on the future welfare of these men and their families through educational programs.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Polish General Glorecki Roman sits in his cell at Marmosa-Sziget reading at a table next to his bed. He had access to stationery and pens and a map hangs on the wall of his cell. Polish officers who refused to take the oath of allegiance to the Regency Council in Warsaw in October 1916 ended up in this prison.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This cartoon depicts a Belgian work kissing his baby goodbye as German soldiers seize him for employment in Germany. The workers' wife, mother, and child are powerless to prevent his deportation.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British prisoners at St. Elot prepare to march to a prisoner assembly point under guard by German lancers.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Germans captured these French prisoners, under Uhlan guard, in the Avocourt Woods during the Battle of Verdun in 1916.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A French sculptor works on a memorial in a work shop in a German prison camp. This monument will probably be erected in the prison camp's cemetery to commemorate the POW's who died in captivity. Other prisoners in the shop fill their time reading a newspaper or eating a meal at the table on the right.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A British prisoner-of-war attempts to shinny down a drain pipe outside the Citadel in an escape attempt, under the nose of a German Landsturm sentry. Escapes from citadels and fortresses were difficult due to pre-war construction which emphasized security, but did occur from time to time.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Belgian and French prisoners at Meschede pose for a photograph in front of their barrack.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries