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- Notes:
- F. Wade drew this picture of a religious service in the YMCA Hall at Ruhleben. A minister delivers a sermon from the pulpit to a packed congregation. The Association made the hall available to members of any faith as a means to promote spiritual life within the prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Russian prisoners made this statue of a suffering man with a drawn sword in memorial to their fallen comrades at Grafenwoehr. The memorial has a Latin inscription, "For the Fatherland," and was dedicated at the prison cemetery.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- As a propaganda camp, prisoners had access to a wide range of activities at Zossen. The Germans have provided these French prisoners with a studio to work on sculptures. There is a base relief on the floor to the right, a small statue of a French soldier sitting, and a large monument on the small table to the right.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Catholic prisoners at Koenigstein also enjoyed a very ornate chapel for worship services. The altar features a painting of Christ above it with a communion rail at the base of the altar. The chapel features a chandelier, an eternal flame, two statues, pews, and two large ovens for heat in the winter.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Allied civilian internees return to the prison at Traunstein from their Sunday morning service at a local church. The civilians are under guard by German soldiers and Landsturm. While some prison camps had chapels or churches within the facilities for war prisoners, some camps allowed prisoners, who gave their parole not to escape, to visit local churches.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Muslim volunteers practice drilling in marching exercises under the direction of German NCO's in the prison compound at Zossen-Wuensdorf beside the mosque. These men volunteered to fight for the Sultan with the Turkish armies in the East against the British and the Russians.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The British prisoners produced this Easter card in 1916 which shows the Doeberitz sailor breaking out of an Easter egg sitting on a nest of made of barbed-wire. The British prisoners in this camp constantly demonstrated an ability to find humor in their situation.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Allied prisoners leave the chapel, constructed by the YMCA, at the officers' prison camp at Wiesa bei Annaberg in Saxony. The exterior of the building is decorated with bushes and trees.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Three fresh British graves stand in the New Cemetery at Limburg. The crosses bear the prisoners' names, their birth dates, and the dates of their deaths. POW's arrived in prison camps with wounds and illnesses which sometimes led to their death in captivity.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Irish prisoners at Limburg receive communion during an outdoor Roman Catholic service. The altar stands behind the priests as they administer the sacrament. The German established a propaganda camp at Limburg for Irish Catholics in an effort to recruit volunteers for the Irish Legion, a force that would invade Ireland to free the island from British rule. Irish POW's received special privileges as an enticement to fight for their freedom.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A rabbi leads an outdoor service for Russian prisoners of war from a set of stairs in the prison compound at Hammerstein. A large number of Russians have assembled to participate in the service, including a man in civilian clothing, possibly a German rabbi. A prisoner in front of the stairs holds the Talmud.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A French Roman Catholic Vicar General visits with the wounded in a ward in Hospital 106 in Cambrai. Once prisoners recovered and became ambulatory, the Germans sent them to prison camps in Germany. If their wounds persisted, they would be assigned to the prison hospital lazaret until they recovered.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photo provides a view of the main entrance to the new YMCA hall at Darmstadt during the building's dedication ceremony. French Arab prisoners stand as a guard of honor in preparation for the event. The prisoners, who constructed the building, decorated the hall with garlands to celebrate the occasion.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- An American bugler plays taps in the POW cemetery in Rastatt for two dead comrades. The American YMCA band, to the rear at the left, was part of the funeral entourage. Note the German civilians, including a child, in attendance to the right.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- German officers observe a Muslim outdoor service at the prison camp at Zossen-Wuensdorf. Two iman kneel under a tent while thousands of faithful behind them pray towards Mecca. The Germans encouraged their Muslim POW's to practice their religion freely and strove to attract recruits for the Turkish Army to fight against the Allied infidels.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Members of a Russian choir perform a hymn in front of the altar at the prison chapel at Worms. While there is a Greek Orthodox cross on top of the altar, a Roman cross is stiched on the altar cloth which suggests that his chapel was also used by Catholic and Protestant prisoners as well. Note the arm bands on the upper left arms of the POW's to designate their prisoner status.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Photograph of the well-tended prison camp cemetery at the officers' camp at Koenigstein. Most of the graves are decorated with flowers and plants and protected by iron railings.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French, British, and Russian prisoners sit on prayer rugs facing Mecca outside of the mosque. The Germans hoped to recruit Muslim POW's to fight on behalf of the Turkish Sultan by showing their support for subject Muslims in the French, British, and Russian Empires.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows the interior of the mosque at Zossen-Wunsdorf, a gift to Islamic prisoners from Kaiser Wilhelm II. Several men are studying the Koran inside the building. Arabic inscriptions from the Koran decorate the walls of the building. This was first practicing mosque in Germany (others had been moved as war trophies in earlier wars against the Turks and rebuilt in German states).
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows a Polish Jewish prisoner in the Russian Army, in captivity in the prison camp at Altdamm. Jewish POW's were free to practice their religion in synagogues in German prison camps during World War I.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Exterior view of the Russian church constructed by the prisoners at Frankfurt-an-der Oder. Craftsman produced ornate doors for the church and prisoners planted trees in front of the building. Many of the Russian POW's were devout Orthodox Christians.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of French and Belgian POW's stand outside the church in Sennelager II under a very light German guard. War prisoners often converted barracks into chapels or even constructed church buildings within the confines of the prison facility.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is a photograph of the exterior view of the new Association building in Crossen-an-der-Oder recently completed by POW laborers. The YMCA hut became the center of social, educational, and spiritual activities in the prison camp. Note the imperial German flag flying above the building.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A horse drawn hearse, accompanied by a German artillery guard of honor, takes a deceased French POW to his final resting place in the cemetery at Rastatt, followed by his comrades carrying wreathes in his memory.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Polish Roman Catholic prisoners participate in confession with a priest in his vestments at Koenigsbrueck. Note the white identity badges on the front of the prisoners' hats.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French POW's at Rennbahn designed and built this memorial in the cemetery with the cooperation of the German authorities for their comrades who died at Muenster III.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Bare-headed and kneeling Russian prisoners participate in an Orthodox divine service in the church in Wahn. There are no pews in the church to accommodate as many prisoners as possible for the service. The building was decorated with pine garlands and wreaths which suggests that this was a Yuletide service. German authorities often permitted POW's to convert unused barracks into churches to accommodate the prisoners' spiritual needs.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This drawing shows the interior of the synagogue at the Ruhleben prison camp. The synagogue is well-equipped with an altar, desks, decorations, and Scriptures and accommodated divine services.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British prisoners produced these Christmas cards in December 1915 with the Doeberitz sailor telling Father Time to get a move on, a reference to the long anticipated end of the war. Prisoners could send these cards home to their friends and families.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners stand along side the altar in the Catholic chapel at Koenigsbrueck. A German priest in uniform stands to the left of the altar while a French chaplain stands on the right hand side. The spiritual care of POW's was a high priority for clerics who visited prisoners in camps.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- His Royal Highness Prince Max of Saxony preaches in Russian to a large group of Russian Orthodox prisoners in the prison compound at Heuberg. Note the wooden barracks in the background of the photograph which reflected the war prisoners' quarters in the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This was the cover of the Christmas 1916 edition of "The Ruhleben Camp Magazine." A harlequin and his dog sit in their prison room on top of an American Express box with pen in hand. Two cornucopias spew out parcels and the margins show the internees involved in a wide range of activities. The two articles featured in this 50 Pfennige journal are "Fun and Spandau" and "The Fashionable Tailors."
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This was the YMCA program for Holy Week activities in the prison camp at Ruhleben in March 1918. In addition to Palm Sunday, Good Friday, Easter Vigil, and Easter Sunday divine services, the Association promoted a theatrical production, "Mary Magdalen," music, and the Ruhleben Horticultural Society's Spring Flower Show.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Jewish Russian prisoners sit at a table, decorated with candles in wine bottles, outside of their barracks for their Passover meal. One prisoner pours wine while another reads from the Torah.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This color painting of the mosque at Zossen-Wunsdorf shows the elaborate colors used to decorate the building. Allied Muslim prisoners stand in front of the mosque in the prison compound. Kaiser Wilhelm II paid for the construction of the mosque to show his support of Islam and to recruit troops for his Turkish ally.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This pen and ink sketch depicts the interior of the church in Rennbahn (Muenster II), featuring the altar, the pulpit, the communion rail, and the organ. If there was no chaplain among the POW's, German authorities made arrangements for local clergy to conduct religious services in the camps.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners often died of wounds or disease while in prison camp. In this wood block print, a group of French prisoners bear a coffin of a comrade on the final march to the cemetery outside of Muensingen. Note the large wreath on top of the casket.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A rabbi leads a Jewish choir composed of Russian prisoners outside their barrack in the prison camp at Crossen-an-der-Oder. The congregation had access to vestments and other religious articles to support religious services in the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A Muslim French North African prisoner of war writes on a board on the steps of a building in the prison camp at Zossen-Wuensdorf. The building may be the mosque located at the facility.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows the YMCA memorial to Americans buried in the cemetery at Rastatt as well as the graves of three American privates who died in October 1918.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A British aviator receives a military funeral in the prison camp cemetery at Carlsruhe. In attendance at the ceremony are German officers as well as various Allied POW's.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The barrack captains in the prison camp at Ruhleben sent out this Christmas-New Year's card, decorated with a holly branch, to other civilian internees inside the facility. The card commemorates their first holiday in the prison camp, in December 1914, and three more holidays would pass before the repatriation of many of these men.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Interior of the chapel at the prison camp at Pforzheim, highlighting the altar and screen. POWs could attend religious services inside the prison camp with priests supplied from chaplains or German clergy.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This sketch of a group of Russian officers at Torgau, enjoying the evening by drinking hot tea and caramel beer while singing hymns in the prison camp canteen. Officers had a lot of time on their hands, especially since they were not expected to work by the German authorities.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Two French prisoners create a variety of columns, urns, and planters from cement molds in their workshop at Heuberg. Many of these works would become memorials in the POW cemetery. Note the two pigs rutting around in the background of the photograph. Pork products were a welcome addition to the prisoners' diet.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This program marked the official opening of the YMCA hall in the Ruhleben prison camp on 24 December 1915. The Association dedicated the new facility at a particularly depressing time of the year for interned civilians. They were far from their families during the Yuletide season and the YMCA sought to inject some holiday spirit into their weary lives. The program featured a divine service and music to celebrate the holiday.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners participate in the dedication of a memorial to fallen comrades at the cemetery outside the prison camp at Frankfurt-an-der-Oder. A monument stands to the rights, surrounded by four white poles, topped with wreathes. A Russian Orthodox priest and several ministers lead the bareheaded soldiers in a prayer of remembrance.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Indian prisoners prepare unleaven bread from a special wheat flour in an oven in the prison camp at Zossen-Wuensdorf. Indian POW's peer through the barbed-wire covered window to watch the bakers at work. As a propaganda camp designed to recruit Muslim prisoners for Turkish Army service, the Germans permitted the Indian POW's to prepare special meals that were not available in other camps.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A deceased prisoner is taken to the prison cemetery in a horse drawn hearse (note that the pair of horses are wearing black mourning blankets) with a German guard of honor. French prisoners follow their comrade behind the hearse enroute the cemetery.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Three Roman Catholic priests stand beneath potted trees outside of a barrack at Landau-Ebenberg in the Pfalz. There were a large number of French prisoners in this camp and the German authorities appointed priests to serve their spiritual needs.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is the interior of the Roman Catholic chapel at Zwickau. The photograph shows the altar and communion rail with some French prisoners praying. The Madonna and Child statue to the left of the altar and the fleur-de-lys pattern on the altar cloth indicate the church was used for Catholic masses. The church is relatively ornate with several pictures and a banner in the corner.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Representatives of the prisoners of war incarcerated at Goettingen stand in front of the new YMCA hall. The building is festively decorated with pine garlands for the inauguration and the Red Triangle symbol is mounted over the door.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners participate in an outdoor Greek Orthodox divine service on the dock near the prison camp at Danzig. A German steamship is tied to the pier behind the prisoners. Prisoners at Danzig worked in labor detachments in this major German port.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- German officers and their guests enter the main entrance of the new YMCA hall at Darmstadt for the dedication ceremony. French Arab prisoners stand at attention for the special occasion outside of the building.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The prison camp at Friedberg featured a small Russian Orthodox chapel, which included an altar and six icons on the wall. The altar is framed with plants and is decorated with flowers.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Allied prisoners of war, German military staff, and YMCA officials stand outside of the new Association hall in Darmstadt. The building is decorated with pine garlands to commemorate the event.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Seven Polish prisoners of war painted this picture of the Black Madonna of Czestohowe during their incarceration in a German prison camp. Artists could enhance the beauty and symbolism of prison camp churches through their art work.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This Red Cross Post Card (Germany No. 20) shows a Russian Orthodox priest, in his vestments, and an assistant with a censor holding a religious service for Russian prisoners in the church in the prison camp at Guben. As the church is decorated with palm branches and one of the prisoners is holding palms, the congregants were probably celebrating Palm Sunday. The POW's wear identification bands on their upper left arms. This photograph was posed--note the soldier to the right who is still wearing his hat inside the church.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoner of War guard duty was almost as monotonous for the guards as it was for the prisoners (although the penalties for German guards caught in the dereliction of duty encouraged greater vigilance). In this drawing of the guard room at Magdeburg, German troops enjoy some holiday festivities with tankards of beer, carol singing, and a decorated Christmas tree.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Roman Catholic internees at Rastatt participate in an outdoor mass. In addition to the French children in the internment camp, German nuns and nurses attended the service.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows the exterior of the YMCA hall at the prison camp at Frankfurt-an-der-Oder. The POW's constructed the building and it became the center of the camp's social life. The facility was also used for divine services and became known as the Russian church.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A Russian officer is buried outside the prison compound at Erfurt. Russian prisoners and German officers attend the funeral, along with a Landsturm guard of honor standing in the background. There are two open graves, but a priest, possibly Protestant Minister Charles Correvon, stands to the right next to the coffin of the dead officer and leads the service.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows the well-tended Allied prisoner graves outside of the prison camp at Bautzen.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Post card of the memorial to Allied prisoners buried in the cemetery near Giessen. The memorial features a statue of a woman, two funeral wreaths, and an inscription in Latin. The prisoners dedicated the memorial in 1917.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows the interior of the Roman Catholic chapel at Muenster III, including the altar, organ, communion rail, and confession box. Access to a priest and church services provided the prisoners with considerable spiritual comfort during their prison ordeal.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A new grave for an American POW, highlighted by the wreath on the cross, stands near the YMCA memorial in the cemetery at Rastatt.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A British prisoner of war is buried in the cemetery at Limburg with full military honors, which included a German band and a Landsturm honor guard. While his comrades lower the casket into the grave, German officers stand at attention to the right. Civilians from Limburg, to the left, also attended the burial service.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners of war, with their hats in their hands, carry a cross and the casket of a comrade along the barbed-wire fence outside of a German prison camp en route to the prison cemetery.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph was taken by an American YMCA secretary of the mosque Kaiser Wilhelm II built for Muslim prisoners at Zossen-Wuensdorf. The Kaiser had long held the title of the friend of the Muslims and the propaganda camp at Zossen served three purposes. The facility became a recruitment center for captured Muslims to volunteer for service with the Sultan's armies in the Near East. The camp and the mosque demonstrated Germany's concern for the subjugated Islamic people in the Allied Powers' empires. In addition, the prison camp showed the German people that the Entente Powers had to rely on colonial troops to support their war effort.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This Jewish synagoge was located in the prison camp at Frankfurt-an-der Oder. While modest in size, the synagogue has an altar, the Talmud, and some decorations as well as several tables and benches for Scripture study and worship services.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Muslim prisoners at Zossen-Wuensdorf (Halbmondlager) sit on prayer rugs in the prison compound facing Mecca. The POW's have removed their footwear and listen to the address. An iman stands on a platform to the right, addressing the faithful.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A poster from an unidentified German prison camp announcing "YMCA Days," a week long event which promoted War Prisoners' Aid services in the facility.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- While most Allied prisoners survived their captivity in German prison camps, some men died of their wounds, malnutrition, or disease. This is a drawing of the prison cemetery in the woods outside of Muensingen in the snow.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph of the Muslim mosque at Zossen-Wuensdorf shows the dome and the minaret. Kaiser Wilhelm II constructed the mosque for French, British, and Russian Muslim prisoners to demonstrate his friendship for the Islamic people. The Germans used Zossen-Wuensdorf as a propaganda camp to entice Muslims to change sides and fight for the Caliph in the Turkish Army.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- An iman calls the faithful to prayer from the minaret of the mosque at the propaganda camp at Zossen-Wuensdorf. Muslim POW's mill about the prison compound near the entrance to the mosque in preparation for devotions.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The church in Sennelager II in the snow amid the fir trees surrounding the structure. Allied POWs constructed the building and it became the center for religious services in the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A military funeral possession marches to the cemetery outside the prison camp at Ohrdruf. The dead inmate is a French soldier and his comrades serve as pall-bearers in the funeral. The casket is followed by a German officer and chaplains as well as some of the deceased's comrades.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A Greek Orthodox priest conducts an outdoor service for a large group of devout Russian prisoners of war at Sprottau on a makeshift platform and altar. While most prison camps in Germany had chapels (converted from barracks) or churches, these buildings could not accommodate large numbers of men. When weather permitted, priests could conduct outdoor services.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
-
The YMCA and other Christian organizations printed and distributed a wide range of religious tracts to provide solace to prisoners of war caught behind barbed-wire. The German War Prisoners' Aid (WPA) printed this prayer book, "Thus Saith the Lord," to comfort Russian POW's.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A Roman Catholic priest stands in front of the altar inside of the chapel in the prison camp at Heidelberg. A choir of French officers stand to the left of the organ, while a statue of the Virgin Mary holding the Christ child stands on a small table to the right.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- German troops fire a salute for a dead prisoner at the end of a funeral in the Rastatt cemetery. The Germans buried POW's with full military honors.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The prisoners took special care of the prison cemeteries as memorials to their fallen comrades. This wood block print illustrates a cross standing before a grave with a special wreath after the POW's burial.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Two French prisoners and a German soldier pay their respects at the grave of a French prisoner at the POW cemetery at Heuberg.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This was the Roman Catholic altar in the chapel in the officer's prison camp at Friedberg. Religious banners hang on the walls and the altar is decorated with flowers. A picture of the Virgin Mary stands above the altar.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A well-tended prison cemetery for Allied POW's stands on the outskirts of a German town. The graves are ivy-covered and several are decorated with wreathes and flowers. Each grave has the name of the deceased, his birth and death dates, and information about his military unit on plaques mounted on each of the crosses.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Pastor Charles Correvon conducts an outdoor religious service for French Protestant prisoners at Darmstadt. He visited Protestant prisoners in the prison facilities around Frankfurt-am-Main and worked closely with the World's Alliance of YMCA's in Geneva.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners sing a hymn, with the accompaniment of an organ, in an outdoor service at an unidentified prison camp in Germany. German officers, standing to the left, observe the church service. Pastor Charles Correvon, a YMCA War Prisoners' Aid supporter, preaches from the pulpit.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Photograph of the official delegation which attended the inauguration of the first American YMCA hall in a German prison camp. Dignitaries attending the celebration included Dr. Carl Stange of the University of Goettingen (standing in the front row from left to right), Ambassador James W. Gerard of the United States, and Colonel Bogen (commandant of the prison camp). Archibald C. Harte, the American YMCA representative, stands in the front row to the right. Allied prisoners stand in the background in front of the YMCA hall.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows the gravestones of English prisoners of war who died in captivity in Goettingen during the Great War. The graves are well-tended and covered with ivy. There are about forty graves in this section of the cemetery.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French Muslim prisoners from North Africa line up for roll call outside of their barrack at the prison camp at Zossen-Wuensdorf. The Germans concentrated Muslim POW's from North Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Russia in this prison camp which served as a propaganda facility.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows a view of the prison camp at Crossen-an-der-Oder from the central watch tower, showing the church and the site of the future YMCA building the American Association planned to construct. The POW's have already built several barracks and a church inside the compound. The photograph shows several of the camp's barracks and buildings under construction.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Despite the peace treaty between Russia and Germany, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3 March 1918), Russian POW's continued to languish in German prison camps due to the Russian Civil War. Russian prisoners could not return home because the Allies did not want to swell the ranks of the Red Army and rail transportation through Poland was cut off due to the Russo-Polish War. The American YMCA sent War Prisoners' Aid secretaries back into Germany to provide relief for Russian POW's and M.V. Arnold was assigned to the prison camp at Parchim to restore welfare services. This program, developed by the Russian POW's to honor Arnold's work, depicts various scenes in the prison camp: food provided by the Association, a Christmas tree, a boxing match, a view of a camp barrack, and a German sentry guarding the fence. Note the Red Star at the top of the program. Bolshevik agitators infiltrated many of the German prison camps especially after German authorities captured Red Army troops that chose internment in East Prussia rather than decimation by the Polish Army during the Russo-Polish War.
- Date Created:
- 1920-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The British internees at Ruhleben designed this Christmas card, depicting a jack of clubs, complete with a set of golf clubs. The prisoners' Christmas cards attempted to inject a bit of humor during a time of year when prisoners were especially home sick.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A French sculptor works in his workshop at Guestrow on a statue which will be part of a POW memorial in the prison camp cemetery. There are three other statues under construction which will commemorate fallen comrades from the prison.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners of war and civilians participate in an outdoor Roman Catholic mass at Rastatt. Note the white cross on the backs of some of the POW's which identifies them as war prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A Russian POW is about to be lowered into a grave for his final resting place at the prisoner of war cemetery at Koenigsbrueck. The cemetery is lined with fir trees and a priest officiates the service at the foot of the casket. The dead prisoner might have been a Pole as reflected by the Latin cross used in the ceremony.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Bareheaded Russian prisoners participate in an outdoor religious service in the prison compound at Goerlitz. One prisoner receives the host during communion from a Russian Orthodox priest.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The German authorities permitted this French sculptor to continue his trade in prison at Zossen. He was assigned his own workshop and is working on a monument. This workshop also served as a dining room and a place to sleep (note the pile of mattresses on the floor to the left). The prisoners are very comfortable as one reads a newspaper, another smokes, and two others sit down to a meal.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Recuperating prisoners of war stand outside of the hospital chapel at the prison camp in Darmstadt. Catholic nuns operated the hospital at the prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries