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- Notes:
- Prisoner librarians manage the circulating library for French and Belgian POW's at Ohrdruf. Although the book collection is small, the vast majority of books are in circulation among the prison's population since books offered one of the few mental diversions available in prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British internees at Ruhleben relax in deck chairs next to "La Boheme," a social-gathering place. Two German non-commissioned officers join the photograph to the right.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The French orchestra performs an afternoon concert for recuperating sick and wounded prisoners of war in a garden outside of the hospital ward at Goettingen. The civilian standing to the extreme left, talking to the wounded Russian soldier is probably Archibald C. Harte.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners of war line up in the compound of a German prison camp in preparation for their weekly baths. The Russians referred to this activity as "Blue Monday." The Russians had a reputation for attempting to avoid baths, since this was a custom alien to many of them (Russian baths were significantly different). The Germans, however, required prisoners to bathe regularly to eliminate potential sources of disease.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- These are samples of some of the correspondence Archibald Harte received from the relatives and friends of German and Hungarian prisoners seeking information about their loved ones in captivity. Many families lost contact with their fathers and sons on the Eastern Front and Harte's trips to Russia sparked some hope that these families could find out some information.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The ball is on its way to the plate as American prisoners of war play a game of baseball in the compound of Rastatt, for the entertainment of Ukrainian spectators. Sports were an important element in maintaining POW morale during their incarceration.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- American POW's with fresh American Red Cross food parcels on their shoulders walk back to their barracks in the prison camp at Rastatt. German prison camps were divided into separate compounds, divided by barbed-wire, to enhance security.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Fire was an ever present danger in the cramped quarters of POW barracks, despite official German prohibitions against smoking and cooking inside the prisoners' quarters. French prisoners man water pumps while another practices working with the hose on a ladder during a fire drill at Regensburg.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This cartoon depicts a Belgian work kissing his baby goodbye as German soldiers seize him for employment in Germany. The workers' wife, mother, and child are powerless to prevent his deportation.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British prisoners at St. Elot prepare to march to a prisoner assembly point under guard by German lancers.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Germans captured these French prisoners, under Uhlan guard, in the Avocourt Woods during the Battle of Verdun in 1916.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A French sculptor works on a memorial in a work shop in a German prison camp. This monument will probably be erected in the prison camp's cemetery to commemorate the POW's who died in captivity. Other prisoners in the shop fill their time reading a newspaper or eating a meal at the table on the right.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A British prisoner-of-war attempts to shinny down a drain pipe outside the Citadel in an escape attempt, under the nose of a German Landsturm sentry. Escapes from citadels and fortresses were difficult due to pre-war construction which emphasized security, but did occur from time to time.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Belgian and French prisoners at Meschede pose for a photograph in front of their barrack.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The British internees could produce a wide range of plays and musicals in the theater at Ruhleben. This photograph shows internees in the middle of set construction for a new production.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The German army provided mobile disinfection chambers to prison camps to help with the demand for disinfecting POW clothing. These three chambers are in operation in the prison camp at Koenigsbrueck under the direction of German NCO's. French POWs, dressed in protective clothing, put clothing into the machines while a British prisoner watches the operation. The German Army used these mobile disinfection chambers for use by German soldiers in the field.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners construct a war memorial for fallen soldiers in the town square of an unidentified German town under the direction of German guards.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Russian cooking staff is busy preparing a meal in the prison kitchen in Schneidemuehl under the direction of a German non-commissioned officer. Meals were mass produced in the large pressure cookers for the prison population.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- While in captivity, a number of POW's took advantage of the opportunity to attend classes at Muensingen. In this wood block print, a teacher lectures a room of prisoners sitting at their desks. The class room is well equipped with a chalk board, globe, and desks.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Allied prisoners leave the chapel, constructed by the YMCA, at the officers' prison camp at Wiesa bei Annaberg in Saxony. The exterior of the building is decorated with bushes and trees.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British, Russian, and French cobblers work in their shop at Doeberitz making new and repairing old shoes and boots. These shops offered important services to prisoners and offered young POW's an opportunity to learn a trade.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners plant flowers in a small garden outside of their barracks in a wooded section of the prison camp at Grafenwoehr. Gardening provided a pastime for the prisoners and improved the appearance of the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Despite early successes in invading East Prussia, the Germans, under General Paul von Hindenburg, bolstered the German defenses and soon drove the Russians back into Russian Poland. This photograph shows 15,000 Russian prisoners of war awaiting transportation to prison camps in Germany.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Example of a letter from a British prisoner at Muenster, written on 16 December 1917. It is written on official prison stationery and has received a German censor's stamp.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Ruhleben Horticultural Society presented a Spring Flower Show on Easter Saturday, 30 March 1918, in the Ruhleben prison camp. British internees developed green thumbs to improve the appearance of the camp and for educational purposes.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is a photograph of Commandant Niedermeyer, commandant of the prisoner of war camp at Clausthal. His twin brother was the commandant at another prison camp and both gained reputations for poor treatment of Allied POWs during the war.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A general view of the prison camp from the watch tower or water tower at Darmstadt. French prisoners mill about the central street of the camp amid the wooden barracks.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- An outbreak of typhus or cholera in a crowded prison camp could quickly result in a raging epidemic. German medical authorities isolated newly arriving prisoners and identified soldiers with infectious diseases. Russian and Romanian troops were the most notorious as carriers of typhus and cholera. The doctors sent sick patients into quarantine in special typhus/cholera barracks, such as the buildings shown here at Lamsdorf. Recovering patients are getting some air outside of the barracks in their special compound.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French, French Arab, and Russian POW's mill about the camp compound at Langensalza in this drawing. This was the "main street" of the facility and the illustration shows a barrack and disinfection wagons in the background. The prisoners converse, smoke pipes, read newspapers, and play board games as they pass the time.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Executive Committee continued to meet on a monthly basis throughout the Great War and this photo was taken in the Board Room in 1917. The members of the committee include (sitting left to right): F. Thomas, Adolf Hoffmann, Christian Phildius, F. L. Perrot, Paul Des Gouttes, H. Fatio, A. Rappard, H., Audeoud, and E. Choicy, as well as (standing in the rear, left to right) Theodore Giesendorf, Rudolf Horner, and Victor Schlaeppi.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war march along a country lane at Lille with their belongings to a POW assembly center in August 1914, guarded by Schleswig-Holstein troops.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- German censors in prison camps always had to remain vigilant regarding the passage of secret messages in POW mail. Censors intercepted this French letter which experts deciphered.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The examples of Lagergeld (prison camp script) on this page come from the 14th Army Corps Inspector General's office in Carlsruhe (50 Pfennige), a 1 Mark note from Heidelberg, and a 100 Mark note from the officers' prison camp in Villingen (this was an especially large bank note). Both of these prison camps were located in the Grand Duchy of Baden.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners conduct squat thrusts as part of their exercise regimen in the compound at the prison camp in Zittau (Gross Poritsch). The POWs wear white identification badges on the left breast pockets of their uniforms. Healthy war prisoners were more likely to survive captivity and exercise maintained military discipline.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British Muslim prisoners perform with Indian clubs before a group of spectators, which includes several German NCO's, in the prison camp at Zossen-Wuensdorf. These troops were Hindu and enjoyed cultural activities at this propaganda camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is an example of a French officer's room at Heidelberg. The occupant has a comfortable set up: his space is separated by partitions and includes a wide range of furniture including several chairs, a stool, a hassock, and a table covered with a colorful table cloth. The prisoner has decorated the walls of his room with silhouettes of French POW's and a map (and decorated the light as well).
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners created this sand and cement mosiac of a Kazak Uhlan in 1915. Outdoor art work was a very popular pastime in Koenigsbrueck. Russian and French prisoners flank the work, admiring the detailed craftsmanship.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Russian, and a few French, prisoners from Langensalza are ready to work in the fields under the supervision of a German NCO and a Landsturm guard. The Russian POW's in front of the wagon to the left carry shovels and pitch forks and await their orders.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Three fresh British graves stand in the New Cemetery at Limburg. The crosses bear the prisoners' names, their birth dates, and the dates of their deaths. POW's arrived in prison camps with wounds and illnesses which sometimes led to their death in captivity.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Germans destroyed the Russian 10th Army at the Second Battle of the Mazurian Lakes in February 1915, which finally ended the Russian threat to East Prussia.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners had the opportunity to continue their educations in the prison camp school at Muensingen. This weekly lesson plan outlines the courses POW's attended and the curriculum included topics such as arithmetic, reading, geography, history, natural science, and agriculture. The goal was to improve the individual soldier during his incarceration during the war.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The German medical staff supervises the application of new dressings on wounded prisoners of war in the dispensary at Regensburg. Many of the POW's at this camp had received wounds or were recovering from illnesses. Note that the prisoner with the shoulder wound has lost his left hand and forearm.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war participate in some "spring cleaning" at Giessen. They are cleaning their tables and chairs in the prison compound to maintain strict sanitary codes.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Some prisoners of war sit on benches in the prison compound at Goettingen while others appear to be washing their clothing in front of their barracks. A German non-commissioned officer walks across the compound lost in thought. The POW's have planted a garden in the center of the compound. The town of Goettingen can be seen in the background.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Irish prisoners at Limburg receive communion during an outdoor Roman Catholic service. The altar stands behind the priests as they administer the sacrament. The German established a propaganda camp at Limburg for Irish Catholics in an effort to recruit volunteers for the Irish Legion, a force that would invade Ireland to free the island from British rule. Irish POW's received special privileges as an enticement to fight for their freedom.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Members of the World's Committee met in Geneva in May 1910 for a plenary session. This photograph was taken on the steps of the World's Alliance headquarters.
- Date Created:
- 1910-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Captured Romanian troops march past the Transylvanian city of Heltau and into captivity in September 1916.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners, just captured at Novo Geogievski, have just arrived at the prison camp at Stralkowo and receive their first meal in the camp. Russian prisoners ladle out soup from large wooden barrels to the first group of POW's while others patiently await their turn to receive their rations.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French, Russian, and British officers talk their daily walk for fresh air and exercise along the walls at the prison camp at Marienberg. Some prisoners of war sit on the rampart wall while others are engaged in conversation. Officers who gave their parole to German authorities, promising not to escape, often received permission to visit the local town without a guard.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The civilian internees at Ruhleben constructed elaborate trellises for their flower gardens which improved the appearance of the camp and gave the internees a hobby to pass their time. Note the clothing in the background handing out to dry on the clothes line.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries