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- Notes:
- A view of prisoners in a washroom in the enlisted men's prison at Wuerzburg. This photograph was taken from the door way of the washroom and shows the window. Morning washing was important from a hygienic perspective to keep POW's clean.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The regular washing of clothing was an important means of preventing the spread of disease and maintaining military standards in prison camps. Russian prisoners wash their clothing using hot water provided by the boilers in the wash room at Muensingen.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Having just finished washing their uniforms, French prisoners hang their clothing outside the laundry to dry in the prison compound at Muenster. The laundry is in the center of a group of barracks. Clean uniforms were critical to prevent the outbreak of contagious diseases inside prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Belgian dry out their recently washed bed linen outside their barrack at Hammelburg. Two prisoners wring out their linen before hanging the clothing to dry on a wash line. Clean linen eliminated vermin and the threat of an epidemic in the packed barracks.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners of war line up in the compound of a German prison camp in preparation for their weekly baths. The Russians referred to this activity as "Blue Monday." The Russians had a reputation for attempting to avoid baths, since this was a custom alien to many of them (Russian baths were significantly different). The Germans, however, required prisoners to bathe regularly to eliminate potential sources of disease.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The German army provided mobile disinfection chambers to prison camps to help with the demand for disinfecting POW clothing. These three chambers are in operation in the prison camp at Koenigsbrueck under the direction of German NCO's. French POWs, dressed in protective clothing, put clothing into the machines while a British prisoner watches the operation. The German Army used these mobile disinfection chambers for use by German soldiers in the field.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French, French Arab, and Russian POW's mill about the camp compound at Langensalza in this drawing. This was the "main street" of the facility and the illustration shows a barrack and disinfection wagons in the background. The prisoners converse, smoke pipes, read newspapers, and play board games as they pass the time.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war participate in some "spring cleaning" at Giessen. They are cleaning their tables and chairs in the prison compound to maintain strict sanitary codes.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Some prisoners of war sit on benches in the prison compound at Goettingen while others appear to be washing their clothing in front of their barracks. A German non-commissioned officer walks across the compound lost in thought. The POW's have planted a garden in the center of the compound. The town of Goettingen can be seen in the background.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The civilian internees at Ruhleben constructed elaborate trellises for their flower gardens which improved the appearance of the camp and gave the internees a hobby to pass their time. Note the clothing in the background handing out to dry on the clothes line.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This drawing shows French and French Arab prisoners of war standing in the rain in the prison compound at Langensalza. They are wearing blankets while they wait for their uniforms to be disinfected. Most are wearing wooden shoes due to the lack fof leather in Germany during the war. After several epidemics, the Germans took strict measures to prevent the transmission of disease, especially if there was any suspicion of a potential outbreak.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The same four Russian prisoners after they went through the disinfection process in a German prison camp. At the disinfection station, German doctors inspected the men for any illnesses and would have assigned those suspected of carrying disease to a quarantine ward. Healthy men then surrendered their clothing and took showers or chemical baths to clean their bodies. The next step in the process was a visit to a barber who shaved off their hair and beards to prevent the introduction of lice into the camp. Before departing the disinfection station, the POW's received their disinfected uniforms or new clothing if their uniforms were unsalvageable.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners of war take showers at Limburg; the ever present German guard stands in the center background. The picture is staged; the prisoners do not appear to have any soap and are modestly dressed for the photograph. However, weekly showers were important to maintain healthy conditions inside prison camps and German authorities would close showers and baths as a form of punishment for captives.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners hang clothing in an outdoors disinfection chamber under the supervision of German NCO's in the prison camp at Guben. To prevent the introduction of infectious diseases, all new prisoners entering a prison camp had their clothing disinfected in these types of chambers. They operated using high temperature steam to kill any vermin or microbes.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A prisoner of war loads clothing into the disinfection oven at Muensingen. The potential for epidemics within prison camps due to lice and other vermin forced the Germans to regularly disinfect prisoner clothing. Live steam, provided by the boiler to the left of the oven, killed vermin and decontaminated uniforms.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war work under the supervision of a German non-commissioned officer folding and stacking linen in a storeroom at Giessen. Clean bed linen helped reduce vermin infestation and promoted healthier standards in the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Children play in the streets of the prison camp at Holzminden outside of their one-story wooden barracks. The Germans incarcerated interned French families at Holzminden early in the war as enemy aliens. While the prison camp was segregated into men's and women's compounds at night, internees could visit other sections of the facility during the day.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- An aerial view part of the prison camp at Doeberitz showing many of the wooden barracks, administrative buildings, camp fence, and a large tent. The tent may be temporary and would eventually be replaced by a building constructed by the POW's.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is the boiler room in the prison camp at Salzwedel which generated steam for the facility. Prison camps became large towns almost over night as the war dragged on and millions of Allied prisoners streamed into the empire. The POW population became a much greater drain on resources than anticipated in German pre-war planning strategy. The boiler room provided electricity for the camp, including lights for security, and hot water for baths and showers, which was the key to hygiene in crowded prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Polish Legionnaires look out the windows or sit on the ground outside of their barrack at Bustyahaza repairing and delousing their uniforms under Hungarian guard. When these enlisted men refused to take an oath of allegiance to the new Polish Regency in Warsaw in 1916, the Austro-Hungarians deemed them a security risk and interned them in this prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is a partial view of the prison camp at Groedig which shows the wooden barracks and the hills in the background. Many prisoners took advantage of the sunny weather to dry their clothes on the walls of the barracks and to sit or walk around the compound.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Fighting lice was the scourge of all POW's during World War I, whether in a prison camp or in the trenches. French, Russian, and Belgian prisoners have set their mattresses in the sun to air out their bedding to help eliminate the infestation. Some prisoners are reading, playing board games, or repairing their uniforms in front of their barracks at Nuernberg. Others have taken the opportunity to wash their clothing and hang them out to dry by the building.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Russian prisoners of war pull their fire engine into position for a fire drill, under the supervision of a German Landsturm guard. Fire safety was always a high priority in crowded prison camps and POW's constantly developed their fire-fighting skills. The fire company also used their fire engine to hose down the interior of POW barracks to enhance sanitation.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners of war dry their clothing in the prison compound at Goettingen in front of the YMCA hall (the building with the steeple). Several groups of men sit on benches outside of the Red Triangle building while a Landstrum sentry marches on guard duty. Others take advantage of the nice day and wash and dry their laundry. The YMCA became the center of the prison camp's social life during the war.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A prisoner and a German soldier remove clean bedding from a disinfection machine in the prison camp at Limburg. These clothes have been fumigated and are safe to return to their owners, now that they are free of vermin which might have spread disease in the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A large group of Russian prisoners are finishing up their soup and prepare for their baths (as demonstrated by the towels over many of their shoulders). German authorities imposed strict bathing regimen on all prisoners of war as an important means in preventing the outbreak of epidemics in camps. The Germans often commented on the Russian prisoners' reluctance to bathe despite the health risks of not doing so.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Two French prisoners team carry their barracks' dinner from the camp kitchen at Muensingen while POW's from other barracks wait for their allotments. In the background is a disinfection wagon for POW uniforms. This water color painting shows the hills surrounding the prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- View of the prison camp at Regensburg from the opposite bank of the Danube. Only a short fence on the perimeter separates the milling prisoners from the river, but security does not seem to be a concern for the German guards. The prisoners have taken advantage of the weather to hang up some laundry to dry.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Description:
- 1901 edition of "Clean Peter and the children of Grubbylea" written and illustrated by Ottilia Adelborg and translated by Ada Wallas.
- Notes:
- The electronic version of this item was provided by the Wayne State University Library System and is freely accessible through the Wayne State University Libraries Digital Collections.
- Date Issued:
- 1901-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Wayne State University. Libraries
- Collection:
- Eloise Ramsey Collection of Literature for Young People
- Notes:
- These prisoners are soaking in a special disinfection bath in the prison camp at Guestrow. Nearly arrived POW's, especially from the Eastern Front, carried a variety of diseases and they entered the quarantine station at a prison camp after their uniforms were disinfected and they had received a shower or disinfection bath.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Sanitation was a critical problem in crowded in prison camps and POW's at Josefstadt bathed in these tubs in the bath house. Each pair of bath tubs had an individual hot water heater. The elimination of vermin was an important component for the prevention of the outbreak of epidemics.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Four Russian prisoners of war, captured on the Galician Front, as they appeared when they arrived at an unidentified Austrian prison camp. Their clothing is filthy, their hair has not been washed for a long time, and they are probably carrying vermin. They are a potential epidemic in the tightly crowded barracks of a prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of prisoners prepare to shower in the shower room at Nagymegyer. Serbian prisoners operate the flow of hot water in the back of the room while a Hungarian soldier stands to the right.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Two mobile disinfection machines stand outside the barracks in the compound at Sagan. The sanitary personnel "shovel" prisoner clothing from the baskets into the disinfection chamber to avoid contamination. The prevention of epidemics was a high priority for German prison administrators and the disinfection machines helped kill lice and other conveyers of disease. These wagons followed German troops as they advanced across Belgium and northern France but with the establishment of trench warfare and permanent disinfection stations the units were assigned to the growing number of new prison camps in Germany. Once a prison camp was firmly established, the Germans constructed permanent disinfection chambers in these facilities.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The conditions in the Schnurgasse fortress prison in Koeln were dismal for Allied officers. The POW's had an opportunity to shower only once a week and then the supply of hot water was very limited.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This row of short barracks served as the Polish officers' quarters in the prison camp at Huszt in 1918. A group of officers can be seen hanging up their laundry and blankets on the fence by the first house to the left.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- At the disinfection station, the Russian prisoners of war surrendered their clothing and took showers or bathed in a special dip to kill vermin. Barbers shaved off their hair and beards to eliminate any sources of lice. After their clothing went through a disinfection process, they were returned to the Russian prisoners. This is a photograph of the same four Russian POW's who arrived in the prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British prisoners collect water at the hand pump so they can wash their clothing in the large outdoor tubs at Limburg. When the weather was warm, prisoners could launder their uniforms outdoors. The barracks where they ate and slept stand behind them.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners wash their hands and faces at troughs in an open air shed at a German prison camp, probably at Hahnoefersand. Daily cleaning was important to prevent the outbreak of disease in crowded prison facilities.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Belgian prisoners of war wash their clothing outdoors in large basins in the compound of a German prison camp. Clean clothes are hanging from the lines behind the men to dry. The regular washing of clothing and linens greatly reduced vermin infestations and the outbreak of diseases.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners of war are busy washing their laundry outdoors on the Hauptstrasse (Main Street) of the prison camp at Goettingen. This "street" was the main thoroughfare in the camp and was bordered by the barracks. A garden is in the foreground of the photograph which included both flowers and vegetables. These crops helped to diversify the prisoners' diets during the summer.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Outside view of the bathing facility at Grafenwoehr where prisoners could take hot baths and showers. Cleanliness was an important part of the sanitation program in German prison camps to combat the outbreak of infectious diseases.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners prepare to take a shower in a German prison camp under the supervision of German guards. To prevent the spread of vermin and disease, the Germans required POW's to take showers or baths on a regular basis. This photograph shows a typical shower facility in a prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British and French prisoners of war are busy washing their clothing and linen outdoors in the prison compound at Goettingen. The eradication of vermin was a constant battle in prison camps as authorities sought to prevent the outbreak of epidemics.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners take a bracing outdoor shower in the prison compound at Grafenwoehr. They used hand-pumped showers which provided only cold water--clearly a summer activity.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and British prisoners are engaged in a "cootie hut" outside of their barracks and next to the laundry at Muenster. The POW's had to regularly take their bedding outside for airing to get rid of lice and other vermin. In this camp, prisoners took their wooden bunks outside as well for cleaning. Some prisoners pass the time by playing board games while others simply sit around talking. German authorities were constantly vigilant to prevent the outbreak of epidemics in the densely crowded barracks of enlisted men.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners enter the washroom in the enlisted prisoners' camp at Wuerzburg for their morning wash. In many camps, POWs had to wash outdoors despite the weather.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Exterior view of the disinfection station of an unidentified Austrian prison camp. Allied POW's reported to this station when arriving at a prison camp. Austrian doctors identified sick prisoners for quarantine and disinfected healthy POW's to prevent the outbreak of epidemics within the prison camps. Prisoners' uniforms were disinfected and the men subjected to baths, showers, hair cuts, and delousing.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Russian prisoners relax outside their barrack in Koenigsbrueck one afternoon. The men are spending their time reading, playing cards, or engrossed in a chess game under the supervision of two German guards.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Drawing of German soldiers placing prisoner of war clothing into a mobile disinfection machine. By cleaning uniforms, the Germans sought to kill vermin which would spread diseases inside prison camps. Due to the large number of Allied prisoners captured early in the war, prison camps had to use mobile disinfection machines employed by the German Army for their own troops. Once a camp was established, the installation of permanent disinfection chambers was a high priority.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries