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- Notes:
- Austro-Hungarian troops execute blind-folded Serbian prisoners of war in a firing squad. These Serbian prisoners may have been irregular troops conducting a guerilla war against the Austro-Hungarian occupation forces. Under international law, irregular troops did not enjoy the same protections as regular troops.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners enjoyed their meals in the hotel dining room in Bezau (Kreuzstein), which was vastly different from the mes halls that enlisted men used in Austrian captivity. The Orthodox cross on the back table suggests that the officers' mess might have served double duty as a chapel on Sunday mornings.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Italian prisoners relax in the recreation room in the hospital ward at Dunaszerdahley. The Austrians equipped the room with tables and chairs and decorated the room with maps and coats of arms. Prisoners could read about war news on the wall board in the background.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Panoramic view of the castle at Raabs on a hill overlooking the town, the Thaya river, and the bridge. The Austrians interned Allied civilians in the castle during World War I.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Russian POW clerks work under the supervision of Austrian non-commissioned officers (they are wearing their caps) in the camp's Record Office. This office was administrative center of the prison camp since these records kept track of all the prisoners incarcerated in the facility.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Twelve Polish officers smoke, read, and converse around a table, decorated with a single flower, in cell number 10 at Marmosa-Sziget at night.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners march out of the fortress at Przemsyl after Central Power forces recaptured the stronghold in June 1915. Przemsyl, a strategic pre-war Austrian fortress in the Carpathians, changed hands several times during the war.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- An almost sentimental view of the barbed-wire fence at Dunaszerdahley on a cloudy, but moonlit night. The wire fence was not only a physical obstacle for POW's, but a mental barrier as well as unhinged prisoners often contracted "barbed-wire disease."
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- View of the Allied patients in a hospital ward in an unidentified Austrian prison. Red Triangle secretaries visited these unfortunates to bring them spiritual and mental relief during their recovery process. Association workers provided Bibles and spiritual tracts, stationery, books, and gramophones for entertainment.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Muslim POW's learn to read and write in this YMCA school in the prison camp at Boldogasszonyfa in Hungary. Dual Monarchy officials encouraged the instruction of native languages among POW's, not only for the personal benefit of the prisoners, but also to weaken traditional political bonds in Eastern Europe. The Association, on the other hand, focused on the future welfare of these men and their families through educational programs.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Polish General Glorecki Roman sits in his cell at Marmosa-Sziget reading at a table next to his bed. He had access to stationery and pens and a map hangs on the wall of his cell. Polish officers who refused to take the oath of allegiance to the Regency Council in Warsaw in October 1916 ended up in this prison.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A Roman Catholic priest blesses a sick or wounded prisoner in the hospital ward at Mauthausen (he may be offering last rites). The Italians argued that the Austrians provided insufficient medical attention to Italian sick and wounded in prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners stand bare-headed in the prison compound at Purgstall during a Christmas celebration during the dedication of the new Association hall in January 1917. A group of Austrian officers stand to the left, next to the POW choir. The YMCA hall is decorated with garland and a large Christmas tree. On the platform by the door stands a WPA secretary, Edgar MacNaughten, and the camp commandant.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The examples of Lagergeld (prison camp script) on this page come from the 14th Army Corps Inspector General's office in Carlsruhe (50 Pfennige), a 1 Mark note from Heidelberg, and a 100 Mark note from the officers' prison camp in Villingen (this was an especially large bank note). Both of these prison camps were located in the Grand Duchy of Baden.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Russian prisoners, including two boys, line up outside of a barrack in the prison compound at Kaschau.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Austrians used this one-Krone bill, featuring a bust of Kaiser Franz Josef, in the prison camp at Freistadt. Prisoners could use this currency only for purchases inside the prison camp. Because bills could not be used outside of the facility's confines, the money would not help POW's in escape attempts.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The stringed orchestra performs during the Christmas service in the YMCA building in Braunau-am-Inn in 1916. Note the extensive decorations in the building which include garland, paper chains, pine boughs, and a large, decorated Christmas tree behind the stage. There are Christmas presents on the floor to the right of the stage, near a phonograph. Association secretaries went to great lengths to provide POW's with Christmas cheer at a time when many prisoners suffered from depression and home sickness.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is an Example of a ten-heller bank note which the Austrians circulated in the prison camp at Groedig. Prisoners could only use this currency to make purchases within the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Italian prisoners of war carry twenty coffins of dead comrades to the cemetery near an unidentified Austrian prison camp. A POW carrying a cross leads the procession.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian officers display their gymnastic abilities on parallel bars near the prison camp at Bezau (Kreuzstein). The prisoners had access to a wide range of activities in this facility.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners observe All Saints' Day in the prison cemetery at Theresienstadt in memory of their dead comrades. Two Austrian officers stand in the center of the photograph, which was taken on 14 November 1916 (the Orthodox holiday). The War Prisoners' Aid office provided the flowers that the prisoners used for decorations for the service.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Polish Legionnaire officers, including a Catholic chaplain (sitting on the right) and several women (standing in the back row) pose for a photograph at the prison camp at Huszt between two Hungarian guards.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners are in the middle of a soccer match in the prison compound at Dunaszerdahley. The camp's wooden barracks stand in the background of the photograph. A few Italian POW's watch the competition from the sidelines.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners recuperate from wounds or illnesses in the hospital ward at Reichenberg. The ward is clean and well-maintained by the orderlies standing in the back of the room, but all of the beds are full of patients.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Austro-Hungarian troops stand next to the bodies of hanged Italian prisoners of war in this photograph. These POW's were probably captured Czechoslovak or Polish Legionnaires, captured by the Austrians on the Italian Front. To keep their nationalities subjugated within the Dual Monarchy, imperial authorities took extreme measures against subjects which joined the ranks of the empire's enemies.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The examples of Lagergeld (prison camp script) on this page come from the XIV Army Corps Inspector General's office in Carlsruhe, the 100 Mark note from the officers' prison camp in Villingen (this was an especially large bank note), and the 1 Mark script note from the officers' prison camp in Heidelberg. All three of these prison camps were located in the Grand Duchy of Baden.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- View of Polish prisoners sitting in the courtyard at Marmosa-Sziget from the window of one of the cells on the second floor of the prison. The internees had a lot of time on their hands with little to do.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Austrian officials and officers join Russian (to the left) and Serbian (to the right) prisoners for the opening of the James Stokes Hut at Braunau-in-Boehmen, the first Association building for POW's in the Dual Monarchy. Professor Karl Witz-Oberlin, the Secretary-General of the Austrian YMCA, stands in the center of the photograph (he is the bare-headed civilian), while Christian Phildius, a Secretary-General of the World's Committee in Geneva, stands at the angle of the walk (he is in civilian clothing and top hat). Note that the Russian and Serbian prisoners wear identification badges on their caps.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Thousands of Russian prisoners climb aboard trains at the railway station at Stryj enroute Austro-Hungarian prison camps after their capture in the Spring 1915 Galacian campaign. Austro-Hungarian troops stand on the station platform. The hut on the first car in the foreground offers protection to the Austrian sentry assigned to guard the prisoners on that car.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- J. J. Hertig, a Danish YMCA secretary, visits two ill Russian prisoners of war in an unidentified Austro-Hungarian prison camp. A Russian corpsman also poses in the picture to the right. WPA Secretaries made every effort to visit and minister to sick and wounded Allied prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A wounded Russian prisoner stands with his arm in a sling at the prison camp at Mauthausen. After release from German military hospitals, POW's completed their recoveries in prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- An unidentified WPA secretary poses with a group of ten Russian prisoners of war in an unknown Austrian prison camp. These men may have been members of the YMCA Welfare Committee which oversaw welfare activities in the prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is an example of a two-Kronen bank note for the prison camp at Marchtrenk. Prisoners could only use this currency to make purchases inside of the prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The medical staff at Wieselburg lined up outside of the hospital ward for this photograph. The staff includes both Austrian and Russian doctors, orderlies, and sanitary personnel. Health care was a critical priority in prison camps since the outbreak of an epidemic would have devastating consequences for the POW population.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Members of a Russian band stand in the snow with their musical instruments and the contents of a WPA recreation chest displayed on the ground. An unidentified YMCA secretary in civilian clothing stands on the right hand side. The Association made every effort to provide Allied prisoners with materials they needed in prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is a copy of the menu for Easter dinner in 1916 in the prison camp at Mauthausen; the dinner included wine for POW's.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Italian prisoners of war, captured in the Gorizia (Goerz) campaign, march down the mountain under an Austrian cavalry guard, past an Austrian supply column heading up the mountain.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Austro-Hungarian troops escort deserters back to Dual Monarchy lines for court martial. Minority nationalities attempted to cross the lines to escape the war, rather than serve their imperial masters, or to fight for their national freedom.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Russian prisoners stand near the barbed-wire fence which encloses the prison compound at Dunaszerdahley. They appear to be part of a labor detachment as many are carrying a variety of tools.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This outdoor ceremony marks the official inauguration of the YMCA building in the prison camp at Hart. Russian prisoners join Austrian officers and an American YMCA secretary, Edgar MacNaughten (the Senior WPA Secetary for Austria-Hungary), in opening the decorated hall.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photo provides a general view of the prison camp at Spratzern, probably taken from the water tower or an observation post. Russian prisoners (37,000 in this prison camp alone) mill about the year between the barracks. In the background one can see the surrounding mountains.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows a group of Italian prisoners of war slowly starving to death in Siegmundsherberg. It was taken secretly with a small camera and smuggled out of Austria by an Italian POW who was repatriated to Switzerland during the war. This photograph was also used to show the effects of tuberculosis among Italian prisoners in Austrian prison camps. Poor diets in Austrian prison camps was the result of the Allied blockade and the reluctance of the Italian government to spend food parcels to prisoners in Italy, especially after the Caporetto disaster.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The 9th Hungarian Hussar Regiment overruns the Russian lines during the Battle of Limanova on the Carpathian Front.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Captured in the joint Central Power offensive which crushed Serbia in October 1915, these Serbian prisoners prepare to board a train for captivity in an Austro-Hungarian prison camp. Although the soldiers in the background are Germans, the guards are Austrians.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Polish Legionnaires have some fun "flying an airplane" in the prison compound at Bustyahaza. They built the plane from a barrel, a plank, and some spare pieces of wood. Officers watch the prisoners have some fun.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- For the violation of camp rules, prisoners would be punished by being tied to the stake for several hours. Austrian authorities tied this Italian prisoner to the stake in the prison camp at Mauthausen.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Russian prisoners in Reichenberg display the contents of the recreation chest they just received from the YMCA War Prisoners' Aid organization in Vienna. Each chest held games (Tambola, dominoes, chess, checkers, and Mensch aergere dich nicht), musical instruments (accordions and harmonicas), books, and Russian Orthodox crosses. An unidentified Association secretary, in the civilian clothing and wearing the C.V.J.M. armband), poses with the Russian prisoners. The YMCA committee in the prison camp then sent these recreation chests to POW's working outside of the camp in Arbeitskommandos (labor detachments).
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Polish Legionnaires look out the windows or sit on the ground outside of their barrack at Bustyahaza repairing and delousing their uniforms under Hungarian guard. When these enlisted men refused to take an oath of allegiance to the new Polish Regency in Warsaw in 1916, the Austro-Hungarians deemed them a security risk and interned them in this prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Bare-headed and on bended-knee Polish prisoners participate in a Roman Catholic mass at an outdoor chapel at Bustyahaza. The open air chapel is decorated with plants and paintings.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is a partial view of the prison camp at Groedig which shows the wooden barracks and the hills in the background. Many prisoners took advantage of the sunny weather to dry their clothes on the walls of the barracks and to sit or walk around the compound.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries