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- Notes:
- This is a portrait of a Tartar soldier from the steppes in Russian service incarcerated at Hammerstein. The Russians mobilized troops from the breadth of the tsarist empire to fight the Central Powers.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners, wearing the new steel helmets that offered soldiers far greater protection than the felt caps, enter a French church where they will either spend the night or join other prisoners for transport to Germany.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Germans constructed this playground for the children interned in the civilian camp in the city of Rastatt. Children play on the swings and on the merry-go-round while adults look on along the perimeter of the grounds.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This French military post tag was attached to parcels sent by the Prisoner of War Service to French POW's in Germany. This parcel was sent to an interned French civilian incarcerated at the old fortress in Rastatt. Parcels significantly enhanced the quality of life for prisoners by enhancing their dietary options as well as emotional support from home.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British internees work in the prison camp kitchen at Ruhleben preparing soup under the direction of a German non-commissioned officer. This kitchen served the thousands of British civilians interned in this facility.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is a view of the altar in the prison chapel at Ruhleben. The altar is well-decorated with an altar cloth, two candelabra, a cross, and a picture of the Virgin Mary holding the Christ child. The altar is decorated with plants and flowers.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- German doctors inspect a prisoner during their rounds in the prison hospital ward at Doeberitz. A German non-commissioned officer sits at a desk with a wide range of chemicals and medications for the treatment of patients in the ward.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A British prisoner of war painted this view of the citadel, which sat on a hill overlooking the town of Kastamuni where the Turks incarcerated British POW's captured at Kut-al-Amara. POW's enjoyed painting as a means to pass time in Turkish prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners and a visiting delegation official dedicate a monument to fallen comrades in the prison camp cemetery at Wieselburg. Two religious banners stand on both sides of the wreath-covered monument in the center of the cemetery.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A Russian Orthodox priest leads Russian prisoners in the dedication of a new cemetery memorial at the prison camp cemetery at Wieselburg. The monument was a large white stone obelisk with an Orthodox cross; it was decorated for the ceremony with a funeral wreath and ribbon.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- An unidentified YMCA secretary meets with three Russian prisoners of war in the compound of a German prison camp. The three Russians may be members of the camp's YMCA Committee.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners at Rastatt are stretching out for a high jump competition in a track and field contest. Athletic competitions were an important part of prison camp life because physical activities helped keep POW's in shape.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The YMCA Band at Rastatt poses for a group photograph. The Association provided the musical instruments for the American prisoners to form a band to entertain imprisoned war prisoners and internees.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is a photograph of the "Main Street" of the prison camp at Meschede, probably taken in the Winter of 1914-1915. It provides a good view of the barracks lining the square and the hills surrounding the camp. German guards observe the activities from a bridge over a gate. Note that in addition to French prisoners, there are German officers and a number of civilians, who may be Red Cross or neutral embassy inspectors.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A French prisoner peels a pile of potatoes in the kitchen at Muensingen in this wood cut. Potatoes were easy to boil in the large camp ovens and provided an important source of starch in POW diets. A cat enjoys sitting in the kitchen behind the prisoner.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British internees wait outside the parcel post office window to pick up packages from their families or friends. The Germans had to inspect the parcels for contraband before turning the packages over to the prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- As a punishment camp for Allied officers, usually men who had attempted to escape from other camps, there were not many options for prisoners for recreation. This French prisoner is passing time by drawing sketches of battle scenes to decorate the walls of the ward at Cologne (Koeln).
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This was the dining hall officers used in the prison camp at Heidelberg. Each of the tables is covered with a white table cloth and each place is set with a bowl, plate, and cup. Note the bottles of wine on the back table and on the sill of the rear window.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A Russian Orthodox priest in vestments holds an outdoor divine service in the prison compound at Goerlitz in front of a make-shift altar. Wooden barracks stand in the background of the photograph.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Fresh-baked bread rolls out of the oven in the prison bakery at Guetersloh. A prisoner holds a loaf of bread. Bread was served with all of the meals in German prison camps and mass production was essential to maintain daily caloric requirements.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- These three Italian prisoners are recovering from wounds or illnesses and are outdoors, enjoying the fresh air at Mauthausen.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Two Russian prisoners show several wood carvings they produced in a prison camp. These talented carvers produced this wooden seal.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Exterior view of the officer's camp and quarters at Pforzheim, showing Allied officers lounging in chairs in the tree-lined prison yard.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows a European Russian prisoner of war who was incarcerated at Altdamm early in the war. The Germans captured huge numbers of Russian troops in East Prussia and Poland during the first year of the conflict.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This was the title page of the "Doeberitz Zeitschrift," a newspaper printed in English, French, and Russian for the prisoners at Doeberitz. This example is a Russian language version of the newspaper.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- English and Scottish prisoners of war eat their dinners at outdoor tables at an unidentified German prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- For punishment for breaking camp rules, prison authorities would force prisoners into iron cages which were not large enough for the POW to stand up or to lie down. The prisoners' limbs were always cramped and many thought that this was the most severe form of punishment the Germans employed short of capital punishment.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- With the collapse of the Serbian army in the 1915 Austro-German-Bulgarian offensive, German prison camps began to receive large numbers of Serbian POW's. This is a drawing of a Serbian prisoner at Muensingen.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Plays and theatrical performances allowed prisoners to develop their thespian skills and provided the general camp population with a source of entertainment. This photograph shows a Russian cast, which includes two men dressed in female roles, posing inside the theater at Muensingen.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A Russian prisoner is hard at work ploughing a field behind a team of horses under the walls of Lichtenstein Castle near Muensingen. Allied POW's supplemented local agricultural labor which allowed the Germans to maintain food production despite the mobilization of farmers into the German Army. This prisoner is leading a pair of horses; most farmers used oxen due to the army''s demand for horses at the front.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A view of the memorial to and some of the graves of Allied prisoners of war who died during their captivity at Muenster II. The Germans supported war prisoner efforts to memorialize their fallen comrades.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A labor detachment of French and Belgian prisoners of war pull a wagon full of firewood on their way back to the prison camp at Muenster. Firewood was an important source of fuel to heat the barracks at night and to run the boilers, ovens, and stoves in the prison camp. Due to the wartime demand for horses by the German Army, the prisoners had to draw the wagons that carried many of the necessities for camp operations.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This drawing provides an excellent aerial view of the prison camp at Zerbst and the surrounding countryside. Zerbst was one of the largest prison camps in Germany and normally housed around 15,000 men at a given time. The image illustrates the POW's barracks, camp security, administrative buildings, and hospital facilities. Note the quarantine camp to the right of the prison facility; newly arrived POW's spent their initial time in the camp in isolation to prevent the introduction of infectious diseases into the POW population.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is a print of the exterior of the Celle Schloss (Palace), where the Germans incarcerated Allied officers during the war.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Official inauguration program of the YMCA hut at the prison camp at Goettingen, in French and English, p. 4.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British POW's secretly photographed the street outside of their quarters in Yozgad by constructing their own camera. If discovered, the Turks would have confiscated the camera immediately.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A British prisoner of war made this cello during his incarceration in a Turkish prison camp. Through the prisoners' ingenuity and skill, craftsmen in the camps could make musical instruments for bands and orchestras and musicians could then offer the POW's entertainment.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- An idealized drawing of a joint German-Turkish-Bulgarian attack on a Romanian village in Dobrudja, an offensive which put Romanian and Russian troops to flight.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A favorite diversion for POW's was the camp theater group. This is a photograph of the cast on the set of a play in the theater at Muenster-Rennbahn.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Recuperating sick and wounded prisoners play skittles (bowling) in the hospital ward's garden at Munsterlager. This recreation provided fresh air and outdoor activity for POW's cooped up in bed in the hospital ward.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- American YMCA secretary Paul B. Anderson took this photograph of the mosque at Zossen-Wuensdorf. The American YMCA made a special effort to provide services to Allied troops in propaganda camps because of the influence of the German authorities used to persuade POW's to change sides.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Russian prisoners, from the prison camp at Brandenburg, take a swim in the Havel River on a hot summer day. They were probably on a labor detachment and got the opportunity to cool off in the river. A German factory stands across the river in the background of the photograph.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A ten-Pfennig note from the prison camp in Chemnitz. Prisoners could only use this currency to make purchases inside the camp. This policy prevented POW's from using these notes to support escapes or to bribe the guards.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian weavers display their handicrafts, which include baskets, wicker furniture, and toys, outside of their workshop at Cottbus. POW's demanded these goods and apprentices could learn a new trade by working in this shop.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners work outside their carpentry shop under the direction of a German non-commissioned officer at Darmstadt. They are possibly working on furniture or other projects designed for camp use. POW labor provided services to keep prison camps running.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Bones of Armenians massacred by the Turks are unearthed at Erzingan. These "relics" could be found all over Turkish Armenia as the result of the Ottoman government's policy of genocide.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This pamphet was issued as an address to the Polish Legionnaires interned at Bustyahaza in 1918. The address features the white eagle of the Polish coat of arms.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This Russian choir is singing inside the YMCA Hall of a German prison camp. Choirs were very popular in military prisons; they could be used in theatricals, perform at special events and festivals, and support religious services.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Russian POW's, comprising the First Company, line up for roll call outside the old fortress at Rastatt. Internees were also incarcerated in this facility during the war.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The library was a critical service for POW's as books allowed prisoners to leave the confines of the camp intellectually and improve their educations. This drawing illustrates the French library at Muensingen showing prisoners reading books and writing letters.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A Muslim prisoner of war from French North Africa sits on a stool, smoking a cigarette, in the prison camp at Zossen-Wuensdorf. The Germans took photographs of various colonial troops that they had captured to show the odds the Germans faced and the reliance of the Entente on colonial subjects to prosecute the war.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British and French prisoners prepare to open packages from home in the packet mail room in the prison camp at Bautzen. They work under the supervision of a German non-commissioned officer, who is standing to the right.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners pose in their beds in their barrack at Darmstadt. To maximize the use of space, beds are placed next to each other with only a narrow path between rows of bunks. The POW's clothing and dinner bowls hang from the shelves behind their bunks while parcels and food stand on the shelves. The enlisted men faced very crowded conditions in their barracks, which contributed to health problems.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This drawing shows the set and two actors performing in the theatrical "Theodore and Company" at the prison camp in Kedos, probably in 1918.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Two clowns act out a comedy routine for a large group of French and Belgian POW's in the prison compound in Stuttgart II. Comedy acts were a welcome diversion for many dispirited Allied prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Aerial view of the prison camp at Ruhleben which housed British and Commonwealth interned civilians during World War I. This drawing shows the race track, grand stands, barracks, casino, tea house, New Town, guard room gates, and hospital, which made up the buildings of the prison camp. The Association constructed a YMCA Hall on the open ground between Barracks II and XI.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Polish prisoners pose for a photograph inside the prison at Marmosa-Sziget in1918.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- These boys are participating in a math class, as suggested by the abacus on the table, in the prison camp at Braunau-in-Boehmen. Association secretaries urged the Austro-Hungarian authorities to segregate young boys from the main POW populations and concentrate them in prisons with schools.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Austro-Hungarian troops have just hanged these three Czechoslovak Legionnaires from a tree in Piavon, Italy. Their crimes are described on the placards they wear around their necks.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries