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- Notes:
- A squatting Italian prisoner tears into a loaf of bread while another Italian POW watches in the prison compound at Mauthausen. By the end of the war, the Allied blockade had a serious impact on the quantity and quality of rations that the Austrians provided to prisoners. This desperate situation was compounded by the Italian government's decision to restrict parcel shipments to POW's in the Dual Monarchy after the Caporetto fiasco.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph provides a general view of the officer's prison camp at Reichenberg. The Austrians housed Russian prisoners in a four-story hotel amid pine wooded hills, although the building is surrounded by barbed-wire. As in most armies, officers received far superior accommodations in relation to enlisted men, especially in prison.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners clear the rubble away from a church in Augustowo in Russian Poland under the direction of German guards.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Serbian prisoners of war cross the Save River on a pontoon bridge and into Austro-Hungarian captivity. When the Serbian lines collapsed in October 1915, combined German and Austro-Hungarian forces flooded into the kingdom.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Six young Russian prisoners of war sit on a bench outside of their school house in an unidentified German POW camp during World War I. The pupil's teacher, in the straw hat, stands next to another young Russian to the left. These boys followed their fathers into the ranks during the Russian army mobilization and received an education during their incarceration.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A naked Italian prisoner with a severe case of tuberculosis leans on a table for support, demonstrating the depth of his affliction.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows a sample of paper script and coins used in prison camps in Austria and Germany. The coins and several examples of paper money came from Kleinmuenchen and consist of small denominations ranging from one Heller to 50 Hellers (the other script came from Koenigstein-an-der-Elbe and Chemnitz in Saxony in the German Empire). This script replaced legal currency which prisoners could use to make purchases at the canteen or other stores in the prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This former British prisoner of war was recently released from a German prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Three important World's Alliance secretaries, who were active in War Prisoners' Aid, posed for this photograph in 1916. They were, from left to right, Theodore Geisendorf, General Secretary, Geneva and a member of the World's Committee WPA staff; Rudolf Horner, once secretary in Spain and Portugal for the World's Committee Extension Service; and Darius Alton Davis, director of WPA work in France, Italy, and Sardinia.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The commandant of the prison camp at Zossen-Wuensdorf speaks with a group of British Indian prisoners in the prison compound. Two of the camp barracks stand in the background amid a grove of trees. Zoseen-Wuensdorf was a propaganda camp designed as a recruitment tool for Muslim troops to fight in the Turkish Army.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French officers sit to the right on the sidelines of a tennis match at Erfurt, as French and Russian enlisted men stand to watch the game. One of the players stands to the left with his tennis racket in his hand.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war carry their barrack's ration of soup in the large part in the prison compound in Goettingen. They will serve the meal to their messmates in their quarters. This type of distribution avoided long food lines of individual POW's at the camp kitchen; this approach simultaneously prevented German authorities from supervision the final distribution of the rations.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Italian officers paid for the construction of this memorial to the dead Italian prisoners of war buried in this cemetery near an unidentified Austrian prison.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and British prisoners of war pose for a photograph with a German non-commissioned officer as one prisoner straddles atop a horizontal bar. Gymnastics were a popular form of exercise in German prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Allies used these groups of letters as the basis for their secret correspondence with a French prisoner in a German prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A lovely "actress" is flanked by Oriental harem guard chorus in this theatrical pantomine produced in the theater at Ruhleben. Prisoners could produce elaborate shows in the facility for the benefit of the internees.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian orderlies line up for roll call as part of their daily activities at the prison camp at Friedberg. Each enlisted man served six officers in a variety of duties in this prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of starving Italian prisoners after their repatriation from Austrian prison camps pose for a photograph. In addition to malnutrition, all of these men suffered tuberculosis.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows the exterior of the Danish YMCA headquarters in Copenhagen. The Danish Association provided critical support for the War Prisoners' Aid program for Allied POW's in Germany.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Three bed-ridden prisoners and several mobile French POW's pose with some nurses and an orderly in a ward in Hospital 106 in Cambrai.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Fighting lice was the scourge of all POW's during World War I, whether in a prison camp or in the trenches. French, Russian, and Belgian prisoners have set their mattresses in the sun to air out their bedding to help eliminate the infestation. Some prisoners are reading, playing board games, or repairing their uniforms in front of their barracks at Nuernberg. Others have taken the opportunity to wash their clothing and hang them out to dry by the building.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners shoe a horse in the prison camp at Heuberg, while an English prisoner holds the horse's bridle. The prisoners provided important services in prison camps, such as blacksmithing, especially since horses played a critical role in transportation during the First World War.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- His Royal Highness Prince Max of Saxony preaches in Russian to a large group of Russian Orthodox prisoners in the prison compound at Heuberg. Note the wooden barracks in the background of the photograph which reflected the war prisoners' quarters in the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Flemish prisoners of war were Dutch-speaking soldiers and they were assigned to this barrack at Goettingen. Their standard of living was not as comfortable as a non-commissioned officer or officer, but they had better accommodations in relation to enlisted troops in other prison camps. Goettingen was a propaganda camp for Flemish POW's.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Former British and French prisoners of war cross the Rhine River in November 1918 en route to the Allied lines and freedom.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This was the cover of the Christmas 1916 edition of "The Ruhleben Camp Magazine." A harlequin and his dog sit in their prison room on top of an American Express box with pen in hand. Two cornucopias spew out parcels and the margins show the internees involved in a wide range of activities. The two articles featured in this 50 Pfennige journal are "Fun and Spandau" and "The Fashionable Tailors."
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A German medical officer supervises the application of a fresh bandage to the stump of a prisoner's leg in a hospital ward at Ingolstadt. In the background, German nurses bandage another prisoner's head wound. Attentive German medical service helped a large percentage of Allied sick and wounded recover and survive the war.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This mimeographed musical program is dated 13 February 1916 for a concert at the prison camp at Giessen. The Prisoner of War Military Band provided a Sunday afternoon performance for the entertainment of the POW's in the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Russian prisoners of war pull their fire engine into position for a fire drill, under the supervision of a German Landsturm guard. Fire safety was always a high priority in crowded prison camps and POW's constantly developed their fire-fighting skills. The fire company also used their fire engine to hose down the interior of POW barracks to enhance sanitation.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This was the YMCA program for Holy Week activities in the prison camp at Ruhleben in March 1918. In addition to Palm Sunday, Good Friday, Easter Vigil, and Easter Sunday divine services, the Association promoted a theatrical production, "Mary Magdalen," music, and the Ruhleben Horticultural Society's Spring Flower Show.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A labor detachment of Russian prisoners of war from Doeberitz pull a wagon along a snowy road. Given the time of year, the POW's may have been sent to collect firewood, a fuel critical for prison camp operations during the winter. The German Army's demand for horses required prisoners to pull loads to support the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Jewish Russian prisoners sit at a table, decorated with candles in wine bottles, outside of their barracks for their Passover meal. One prisoner pours wine while another reads from the Torah.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of recently captured Russian soldiers rest on their way to the prisoner assembly center in the German December Offensive in 1915 on the Vistula Front. The Russian prisoners are talking to an Austrian soldier.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Belgian prisoners of war line up for their lunch rations with their soup bowls in hand in an unidentified German prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A large group of Russian prisoners captured by the Germans at Tannenberg pose with three German NCO's and a few French prisoners in the camp compound at Wetzlar. Many of the Russian POW's would not return home for years as a result of the Russian Civil War. Note that some of the Russian POW's are wearing wooden shoes instead of their issued leather boots which reflected the beginning of a leather shortage in Germany.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This color painting of the mosque at Zossen-Wunsdorf shows the elaborate colors used to decorate the building. Allied Muslim prisoners stand in front of the mosque in the prison compound. Kaiser Wilhelm II paid for the construction of the mosque to show his support of Islam and to recruit troops for his Turkish ally.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners of war in an unidentified German prison camp perform in a prison compound. These men are members of the YMCA Orchestra. The Red Triangle provided their musical instruments and their music. By providing instruments, the Association was able to support entertainment programs, often featuring talented musicians.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This pen and ink sketch depicts the interior of the church in Rennbahn (Muenster II), featuring the altar, the pulpit, the communion rail, and the organ. If there was no chaplain among the POW's, German authorities made arrangements for local clergy to conduct religious services in the camps.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph provides a general view of the prison camp at Celle from an old artillery park. While these cannon can no longer provide service on the front lines, their presence near the prison camp suggests a concern for security, especially in the even of a prison camp riot.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian orderlies stand next to patients a prison camp hospital ward at Dyrotz. Only three of the beds appear to be occupied by the sick or wounded, while the other beds in the ward have clean linen and blankets. A wood stove in the center of the war provides warmth during the winter months.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners of war at Friedrichsfeld display their handicraft work at an exposition. Their work includes drawings, paintings, model airplanes and ships, the Eifel Tower, toys, chests, a violin, and a wide range of other projects. Prisoners often made some money by selling their handicrafts when these expositions traveled to neutral countries.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Russian prisoners conduct business at the prison bank at Guestrow. POW's earned money while working on labor detachments and received funds from friends and family back home. POW's did not receive legal currency but instead used Lagergeld, money which could be used for purchases inside the prison camp. By eliminating access to legal tender, German authorities hoped to reduce opportunities for bribery and funding escape attempts.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners of war dry their clothing in the prison compound at Goettingen in front of the YMCA hall (the building with the steeple). Several groups of men sit on benches outside of the Red Triangle building while a Landstrum sentry marches on guard duty. Others take advantage of the nice day and wash and dry their laundry. The YMCA became the center of the prison camp's social life during the war.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French cobblers and tailors work on repairing shoes and clothing in a work shop at Limburg. A German non-commissioned officer oversees the work from the back of the room. The prisoners provided most of the labor needed to keep the prison camp running smoothly and efficiently. Some POW's became apprentices and learned a trade working in such workshops during the war.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A prisoner and a German soldier remove clean bedding from a disinfection machine in the prison camp at Limburg. These clothes have been fumigated and are safe to return to their owners, now that they are free of vermin which might have spread disease in the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The top of the pile of parcels in a wagon can just be seen over the heads of a group of Italian prisoners in the prison compound at Dunaszerdahley. The POW's will unload the wagon and the Hungarian censors will inspect the parcels for contraband before they are distributed to the prisoners. The Italians were desperate to receive food parcels to help them survive their captivity.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This portrait of an Indian prisoner of war was taken by a YMCA secretary in a German prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners maintained pig stys along the perimeter fence between the compounds at Soltau. The POWs tended the pigs and other livestock to enhance the bland quality of their regular fare and increase their meat rations. The Allied naval blockade had a severe impact on the diversity of POW meals. The stys were located next to one compound's parade/athletic grounds and the road between the compounds. Note the guard towers in the background which were built to observe the barbed-wire fences.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Four prisoners of war are hard at work on different projects in the artist studio in Stargard. Examples of their work include caricatures of soldiers, portraits of prisoners, and a Russian artist working on a painting of the Madonna and child. The bunk to the left suggests that the artists lived in their studio. Some painters offered art classes to POWs as part of the educational curriculum in prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Russian prisoners, under Landsturm guard, await their marching orders in Stralkowo. They have their belongings on the ground at their feet and will probably be assigned to a labor detachment or work camp in the area.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This drawing depicts a British prisoner-of-war looking forlornly through the camp fence guarded by a German Landsturm sentry at Mainz. War prisoners succumbed to "barbed-wire" disease which was caused by confinement in captivity for an unknown period of time.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Once parcels were cleared by the German military censors, French prisoners prepared the parcels for distribution to the POW's. This water color drawing illustrates the French parcel post office at Muensingen.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners often died of wounds or disease while in prison camp. In this wood block print, a group of French prisoners bear a coffin of a comrade on the final march to the cemetery outside of Muensingen. Note the large wreath on top of the casket.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war in the prison camp at Goettingen could apply for a wide variety of jobs at the camp's Business Office. They could choose employment in publicity, in the library, in the theater, etc. In the back of the room stand some interesting wooden models of the Eiffel Tower and a windmill which reflects the expertise of inmate wood carvers.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian and French prisoners work in the parcel post office in Koenigsbrueck preparing for the distribution of newly arrive parcels to the camp inmates. German non-commissioned officers searched for contraband and, once approved, the parcels would be distributed to the camp inhabitants.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British, French, Belgian, and Russian prisoners of war pose for a group photograph with two German nurses in the prison compound at Konstanz. Most of these men were seriously sick or wounded and awaited their last medical examination in Germany. Konstanz was a transfer station for prisoners bound for internment in Switzerland for the duration of the war.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian officers enjoy the weather in the garden in front of the Waldhotel Kreuzstein, a hotel in Bezau the Austrians used as a prison camp for Allied prisoners. The POW's had access to all of the amenities found in this four-story hotel in the Tyrolean Alps.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A rabbi leads a Jewish choir composed of Russian prisoners outside their barrack in the prison camp at Crossen-an-der-Oder. The congregation had access to vestments and other religious articles to support religious services in the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French, French North African, Belgian, English, and Scottish prisoners of war at Doeberitz pose for a photograph in front of their barrack. The Germans mixed POWs of various nationalities in the same prison camp to avoid accusations of favoritism.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Captured English sailors from a British submarine constructed this underground barrack at Doeberitz. They called the facility the "English Submarine" and the designer is standing in the middle of the British sailors by the entrance to the barrack in the white coat. Earthen barracks were warmer in the winter than wooden buildings and cooler in the summer.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Map of the route British and Indian POW's traveled into captivity in Asia Minor. The appalling fatality rate of the British and Indian prisoners during this transit was referred to as the "Kut Death March" in the British press.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Italian prisoners of war at Heinrichsgruen pose for a photograph for a YMCA secretary. These POW's appear to be cheerful and in good health.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- General Schmidt, the German Chief Surgeon and member of the medical staff at the military hospital at Cambrai sits on a bench with his wife and four children. He had the enviable position of being able to house his family close to his field assignment, a luxury few soldiers enjoyed.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- George Morelle, a member of the French Academy, drew this picture of a dejected young French soldier in a German prison camp. Morelle, also a prisoner, was a well known artist in France before the war.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A large group of Russian prisoners are finishing up their soup and prepare for their baths (as demonstrated by the towels over many of their shoulders). German authorities imposed strict bathing regimen on all prisoners of war as an important means in preventing the outbreak of epidemics in camps. The Germans often commented on the Russian prisoners' reluctance to bathe despite the health risks of not doing so.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A Muslim French North African prisoner of war writes on a board on the steps of a building in the prison camp at Zossen-Wuensdorf. The building may be the mosque located at the facility.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners and German guards walk down a street between the barracks in the "French quarter" of the prison camp at Grafenwoehr. The barracks are clearly made out of bricks with a stucco coating. The city can be seen in the background of the photograph.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Papal Nuncio of Vienna, Monseignor Valfri di Bonzol, made an official visit to the prison camp at Dunaszerdahley on behalf of a request by the Italian government to the Pope. The nuncio investigated conditions inside the camp to determine any mistreatment of prisoners by Hungarian officials.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prisoners of war constructed this church in an unidentified Austrian prison camp. Note the fine wood-work on the side of the building, the steeple, and the flower boxes under the windows. Churches provided POW's with spiritual relief during their captivity.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Samples of Lagergeld from four different prison camps in Germany, including Merseberg, Chemnitz, and Oberhausen in the Rhineland. POW's could use these currencies to make purchases within these prison camps, but the money was worthless outside of the camp compound.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of interned Polish Legion officers imprisoned at Rastatt pose for a photograph.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows the YMCA memorial to Americans buried in the cemetery at Rastatt as well as the graves of three American privates who died in October 1918.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Patients at Muenster relax outside the lazaret as part of their recovery regimen. French and Russian POWs are recovering from wounds or illnesses and are enjoying the fresh air. The medical staff is standing to the left of the patients behind a barbed-wire fence. They include Allied medics as well as German doctors.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Belgian prisoners leave the camp kitchen at Zossen with bowls of hot soup in hand. They will eat their meals in their barracks.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- These wounded Russian prisoners of war prepare for their journey home in exchange for wounded German prisoners in neutral Sweden. These men were gravely wounded and would not be able to resume military service; remaining in Germany made them burden for their hosts. A YMCA secretary provided these POW's with the three accordions on the table. The Russians gave the musical instruments to the German prisoners to enjoy during their journey home.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A British labor detachment, composed of English and Scottish POWs, pulls a wagon, with a German soldier on top, to work in the fields. A German woman on the side of the road has caught the attention of some of the prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- American prisoners of war line up outside the Parcel Post Office at Rastatt with ten days' supply of food in the boxes on their shoulders. This food was sent to the prison camp by the American Red Cross to make sure that American soldiers survived their captivity in Germany. The line in the front of the photograph is carrying out their parcels while the line in the rear enters the building to receive their rations. The generous amount of food received by American POW's during the famine conditions in Germany caused by the Allied naval blockade caused a great deal of consternation among German authorities, especially when guards caught American POW's "playing with their food." As one prisoner pointed out, canned food would not spoil even if the prisoners had a little fun playing games.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of French prisoners arrive at the prison camp at Zossen-Wuensdorf and captivity. Some of the prisoners are wounded and others are carrying their meager belongings. German doctors and Allied medics will tend to the wounded POW's in the hospital ward and the remaining war prisoners will receive new supplies for their captivity.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A British aviator receives a military funeral in the prison camp cemetery at Carlsruhe. In attendance at the ceremony are German officers as well as various Allied POW's.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of French, Belgian, and Russian war prisoners at Reserve Lazarette III in Luebeck pose for a photograph. Note that the German orderlies are wearing black, white, and red arm bands, the German imperial colors. The Germans captured large numbers of wounded war prisoners during their drives into Belgium, France, and Russia early in the war. Seriously wounded or sick POW's were sent to military hospitals and then to reserve hospitals to speed their recovery.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This poster promotes a field hockey match between players from Oxford University and Cambridge University. The artist pokes fun at some of the intellectuals in the prison camp at Kedos, who are slowing up the start of the match. Hockey not only kept the POW's in good physical shape, it also provided entertainment for the other prisoners.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Portraits of the leaders of the German YMCA movement adorned the pages of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Berlin Association commemorative booklet. Friedrich von Schluembach (middle) and Christian Phildius (center lower row) were among the leaders honored in this publication.
- Date Created:
- 1908-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Wounded French prisoners lie on straw along the wall of the Roman Catholic church at Florenville. German doctors tend to these wounded men.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- American prisoners carried their sports along with them, even to prison camp. This photograph captures the middle of a football game on the compound at Rastatt, as spectators line the sidelines. The American YMCA provided the equipment and the Y Committee organized the camp's sports program, which included NCO's serving as refugees. Note the large number of spectators and the POWs' quarters in the background.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Aerial view of the prison camp at Ruhleben which housed British and Commonwealth interned civilians during World War I. This drawing shows the race track, grand stands, barracks, casino, tea house, New Town, guard room, gates, and hospital which made up the buildings of the prison camp. The Association constructed a YMCA hall on the open ground between Barracks II and XI.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This general view of the prison barracks and compound at Wasbek is from a guard tower. A labor detachment of Russian prisoners enters the main gate after a day's work outside the facility. A German guard counts the POW's as they enter the camp to detect any escapes.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of four Russian prisoners of war talk outside of their barrack in the prison camp at Goettingen.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British doctors operate on a wounded soldier in the operating theater at Kut-al-Amara during the siege. Indian soldiers at the left wait for medical attention.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian officers relax in their comfortable room in the prison camp at Josefstadt. Several sit a cloth-covered table reading newspapers while another stands against the stove reading a book. The room features furniture, a mirror, and wall decorations. Another group of officers sit at a desk in the next room.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- German and French wounded lie on mattresses on the floor of a French castle. German doctors and orderlies treat these patients, preparing them for transportation to a field hospital.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Six hundred French hostages lived in the reprisal camp at Milejgany in Lithuania in January 1918. The conditions were harsh since their captors did not allow the internees to start fires despite temperatures below twenty degrees Centigrade.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian cobblers are hard at work repairing shoes and boots for POW's at Muensingen. POW's had limited access to new shoes while in prison and often had to repair the shoes they wore when they were captured. The workshop is well ventilated by the numerous windows and the POW's have access to electrical lights over their work benches.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A Russian Orthodox priest conducts an outdoor service in the prison compound at Crossen-an-der-Oder in front of the YMCA building. The German authorities gave the Russians special permission to pray for the health of the Russian imperial family for this occasion.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This drawing shows the barracks and support buildings in the prison camp at Ostifyasszonyfa. This prison camp was designed in two sections; a rectangular "Barraca Grande" and a U-shaped "La Barraca Picole."
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This publicity poster was part of a campaign to raise $150,000 from college students in the United States in support of the War Prisoners' Aid effort. These funds would pay for WPA secretaries, huts, games, medicine, warm clothing, booklets, text books, and extra food for the 5.5 million young men in one hundred prison camps scattered across Europe. The poster shows a college student sitting in an easy chair, smoking a pipe, and reading a newspaper while a German sentry guards thousands of Allied prisoners in the snow. The poster also features student life in Europe on the left side, fighting in the army, and student life in America, enjoying life to the fullest.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows an assortment of prison camp script and coins from Germany and Austria. All of the denominations are small (one to five Pfennige for German script and one to fifty Heller for Austrian script and coins), but this cash replaced legal currency to prevent prisoners from using the money to fund escape attempts or to bribe guards. The German script came from two prison camps in Saxony, Koenigstein-an-der-Elbe and Chemnitz.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- These prison camp bank note images, from "Der Krieg," provides an overview of German prison camp money (Lagergeld). Prison camp authorities issued script for Allied prisoners of war to make purchases inside prison camps. These authorities wanted to reduce the amount of money POW's used to reduce any opportunities of bribery of guards or to support escape attempts. Examples of script on this page are from Oberhausen (fifty Pfennige) and Merseberg (fifty Pfennige) in Germany, Chemnitz (two Marks) in Saxony, and a five Pfennige note.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of French and Russian prisoners of war at Puchheim enjoy an outdoor luncheon of hot soup outside of their barrack.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The barrack captains in the prison camp at Ruhleben sent out this Christmas-New Year's card, decorated with a holly branch, to other civilian internees inside the facility. The card commemorates their first holiday in the prison camp, in December 1914, and three more holidays would pass before the repatriation of many of these men.
- Date Created:
- 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British and French prisoners stand at attention during roll call in the prison compound at Wahn. German officers and non-commissioned officers stand in the center of the first row counting the prisoners and addressing sick calls. The prisoners stand in front of their barrack. Maintaining accurate counts of prisoners was critical for security and labor assignments.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries