Michigan Artisan; 1907-08-10

Notes:

Issue of a furniture trade magazine published in Grand Rapids, Mich. It was published twice monthly, beginning in 1880. and Twenty ..Eighth Yea.r-No. 3 AUGUST 10. 1907 Semi-Month'" R!IGHT IN FRONT AS USUAL Here is a SANDER that will finish your worh. PERFECTLY This is the famousGillette Roller Beariug Factory Truck-the truck ou which it is said, "One man can move a load of 3000 pounds while with the other trucks it takes three men." This is the truck that is strong where others are weak-the truck that has an unbreakable malleable iron fork. This is the truck YOU are looking for if youwish to invest in rather than waste money on factory trucks. This'machine has a variety of adjustments and will sand WITH THE' GRAIN and require no re-touching by hand, the following: Mirror tr~mes, found, oval, an y shape:; drawer rails, base rails; drawer fronts, serpentine, ogee, rQund; or-,swell, either straight or cross veneered; ogee, round, bevel or straight edges of dresser or table tops. of round, square or scrolled patterns; tablt: rims. dresser posts; veneered rolls or columns; straight ogee or rounded mouldingsj raised surfaces of panels; spirals of table legs; curtain slats for roll top desks; spindle carvings; French table legs; plumbers' wood work; table tops; etc. Ask for Catalog E Gillette Roller Bearing ~o. ORAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN The Lightest Running. Longest Lasting Tl'uc::k I No. 163 UDlver.al Sand Belt Ma.chlne. WrSONU « MILES CO., Cedar St. and Sou. R, R., U/?EENSBORO, N. C. ~ The Best Truck-- The Strongest Truck =---------------rg ~- - '--, ,'~ .,' Old Say-ings Varnished Over By Phinishing Phil "A rolling slone gathers no m05S"~but Pbil .ays, "The slone that -stops to gather moss never rolls very far." .There are still a few furniture makers who are too "conservative" ·to make any changes in their finishing departments--the polishing varnishes they have been using are "good enough." "Good enough"! Phil says that isn't true conservatism-it's just shiftless-ness. "Gopd enough" from a manufacturing 8tandpoint~and good enough for the modern furniture buyer's discriminating qe-are two different standards~ don't forget that! There is always something just a little better for finishing your furniture~ until you have triedAndrews' Polishing Varnishes Then you will have found at last-"The Polish That "OldS'.'~ Users of Andrews' Polishing Varnishes do not need to change~because we do all the changing required. We are improving all the time~have been dur-ing our Half Century's Experience in Making Fine Varnishes. We know gums~how to select, how to treat, and how to blend them. We use the finest of imported gums in these Polishing Varnishes and our other raw materials are selected with equal care. Our superior purifying, seasoning, and testing processes are responsible for the advanced quality, uniform evenness, and absolute dependability of Andrews' Polishing Varnishes. They work and rub with notable ease. They do not crack, check, sweat, cloud, or bloom. They finish to stay finished-no rejected pieces coming back to the finisher. Can't you see the economy in labor cost and operative expense? Write us for futher acquaintance with Andrews' Polishing Varnishes. Pratt ~ Lambert Varnish Makers BUffalo Paris Chicago "ambtJrg New York london • . THE MARIETTA PAINT & COLOR CO. MARIETTA, OHIO Exponents of the Highest Degree of Perfection and Art in Wood Finishing. "For We Do Make a Finish That Will Please You Fair-" ART NOUVEAU I IThis is our very latest llnd t1~we51produdLon in Ma-hogany l-inishiQK in the fb.m of a Combination Slain-Filler. With AT'I Nouveau' can be produced i~one operation tbe same results thai reQuired four hy the old process. It dries well and can be shellaced and vamished the same day if desired. (Absolutely flUt oolor.) If you a.re intere.ted write ua foY lll!lJnples and full particuli!ll"tI. Good friend, we give you greeting, And now when we have wished thee well. We'n not beguile your time in idle argument. But come at once to the point. We do entreat you, therefore. lend us your ear. While we unfold to you a story-a wondrous tale- Of what we've done for you in Stains and Fillen. For would you give your woods a perfect finish, We must be indispensable to you; And that's no fable, friend. For we do make a finish that will please you fair; Imparting to your wooils all the varied hues And tints of nature, Combined with maflY beauties of shade and Color that largely owe their being to human craft. We importune, you, friend to look well into this. A FEW PRIZE WINNERS Golden OaL: Oil Stainll Early BDRlislt Mission Flmsl.es Spartan MaLogany Fumed OaL: Acid Stain Fillers, Surfacers, Etc. andollr Spartan Turps Veneer Presses, all kinds and sizes, No. 2() Ohw Heater. Veneer Presses Glue:Spreaders Glue Heaters Trucks,IEtc" Etc. These Specialties are used all Over the World ---.,~=------ Power J:'eed Gloe Spreading Machine, (Patent applied l(lil'.) Single, Double and Combination. CUAS. E. fRANCIS &. BRO•.8 Hand Feed Gloetng Machine (Pat·. pending.) Eight styles and sizes. Wood·Working Machinery and Supplies LET US KNOW yOUR. WANTS 419-421 E. Eighth St. CINCINNATI, O. No. 6 Glue Hooter. Do You Want The Originality of our work is one of its chief characteristics. Something Qriginal? I WE BUILD HIGH GRADE CATALOGS COMPLETE ENGRAVING PRINTING BINDING White Printing Co. 2 to 20 Lyon Street GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 1 .':, '. 'i , Solved at Last The problem of cutting a complete and perfect miter ready for joining with one cut, has been practically solved: We have accomplished this mechanical triumph by means of a patented fence, by which the two parts to a miter are cut simultaneously, the process producing a counter pressure from both sides of the saw, thus preventing it from vibrating or run~ ning off, thereby insuring a perfect miter, clean cut and ready for joining without the necessity of fitting by hand plane, something never before achieved Its excellent work, and the time that it saves, should com~ mend it to all who have extensive mitering to do. Descriptive Circular Sent on Request. 205·225 West Front Street, Cincin.n.ati.Ohio, US:=.::::=:A:=::. TAe 1YorltlJ Stazubuvl for 1Yootlworki1l!f lfac4inery. -- GRAND RAPI[) PUBLIC LIBRARY ---=.== GRAND RAPIDS. MICH.. AUGUST 10. 1907. $1.00 per Year. What) 1'actoTY Superintendents Say of the Work of the Case I Goods Association's Committee. TIte least sdlcdules prepared and approved by the adrnin-istrado, i committee of the National Association of Case Goods :y'lantffatturcrs of America, some of which have been repnb-lisbcti ~n the 1\lichigan Artisan, arc attracting considerable attentidn and causing of some interesting and instructive disctl~sion in the factories. So far, no severe criticism has been jh1ard, because most men who know enough about the bnsiufss to make their opinions worthy of consideration ap-preciatJ the difftculties encountered by the committee in pre-parink ~chedllles for general application under widely diffen.nt cond~tiJllls, and Olre broad-minided enough to give the com-miltt: 1'e~re(lit for having done really better than .v..a. s expet.ted. It is ig~nerat1y conceded that the publication of lhe schedules wil1 ~er beneficial to many manufacturers; that they will be educ~tipnal at least. They may be of great value to some o[ the t)eginners and may show some of the older ma.nllfacturers why Itl~ey have not been able to make a profit-because they havei f~iled to reckon all the elements in the cost of their pro d'rc~,. "1 don't know that my opinion OIl those schedules would be \iro~th ~nuch,)) said a ..superintend:nt of a widely known GraJld !RapJds factory. ··That comU11ttec figured on low and mediurr grades and their fig"ures cannot be applied to the bet-ter .Jrdde, evell proportionately. 'lv' e make only high grade fl1Tn,t~re and of course, those estimates ·would nol do at all for t15. I used to make the lower grades, however, and the scllel:lt~les are interesting to me. "[f;I \'v'ere to point out any defect in the estimates, I would say ~he committe has placed lhe percentage of waste lumber too ~1igh. Forty per cent is an awful \vaste. I know that the quality of low grade lumber is not 50 good now as it was a fer,v ~ears ago, but it does not seem possible that out of ev-ery ihrlndred dollars' worth of lumber there is forty dollars' was~e.1 It must be discouraging for a man to kno"v ".·.h. en he pay~ ~100 he gets only $60 vmrth. 'lOr the other hand, I think they have figured the cost of labdr :'too 100\r. There are very inv factories that can hold the 11a~bordown to figures given in those schedules. It re-qUi~ esimore labor to ,;\'ork up pooc material than to use the hig,ef grades. For instance, the man who is getting out the tOPI'f(Jr a low grade dres.ger or sideboanl-21 x 42, lve'J1 say-ha; j~~!tdysethree or four, perhaps five, piece.s, while I have to use O1hlytwo or three. He Jlas to rjp three. four or five times an , l~as to dress up three or four joints, \\'hi1e I have only one! 4r two, so you see the proportion of labor mllst be higp ~n low grade goods with the kind of lumber they are llS-ing! n0wadays. Poor lumber adds to the cost of labor in any gralle~of furniture. That's ·why it pays best to use a good gra .1e of lumber. The best l.u111beris usually the cheapest and s me rule applies to labor, in nearly all factories. "'lihe greatest value in those schedules is in the fact that I they v· ...ill set men to thinking and show many manufacturers that they have been selling furnitllre below actual cost and wondering "\-vhythey did not make a profit instead of being compelled to put in n1()r~~capital to keep their factories run-ning, but the man who relies on them entirely without consid-ering the special conditions sllrrounding his business is likely to gel into trouble." "Tbose schedules are aU right," said another Grand Rapids superintendent. "They may not be workable in all factories making ](HV and medium grades-the committee explained tint-but they are made right. I am not making case goods, bllt 1 can see the be,nefits from such estimates, figured down fine, alHI I think it would be a good thing for the chair and table 111ento get out something of that kind. They might show why some table and chair factories arc eating up capital without any profit and induce the managers to stop selling goods below cost. Of course, any manager or su-perintelHlcnt of a factory ought to be able to figure out cost correctly, but it"s a God's facC that some of them have to guess al it, and they are usually bad guessers. "1 don't know about their estimate on the waste ,in lum-her. The amount of waste depends largely on the style or pattern of the piece. Take a plain l'I'1issiolldining chair, for instance. There is ahout nine feet of lumber in it, and very little waste in cutting-perhaps less than ten peT cent. An- (Continued on Page 6.) THE CORRECT Stains and fillers. THE MOST SATISFACTORY first Coaters and Varnishes MAHUFlor::TUNCD OIfi.Y fIlY CHICAGO WOOD FINISHING CO. 259·63 ELSTONAVE."'Z-16 SLOAN ST. CHI CACO. 4 How to Avoid Car Shortaire. Car shortage, or freight congestion, that annoys mer-chants and has caused numerous clashes between railroads and shippers is discussed by Chicago shippers and railway officials in a symposium of articles in the current number of System. "There is a possible method of increasing the carrying capacity of the railways thirty to forty per cent without the lowed the history of railroads in the United States, may well be alarmed." JOh11M. Glenn, secretary of the Illinois Man\lfaetmers' Association, urges the forming of associations by shippers. He says: "The railroads are strong on associations. They pay a lot of money to keep their various organizations going. \Vhen ·you present your case to a railroad it must go to an purchase of another car or locomotive," writes A. B. Stick-ney, president of the Chicago Great Western. "This can be accomplished," he continues, Uby loading tathe full capacity the cars which the railroads possess. Investigation proves that, aside from coal and ores, the average present loading DINING ROOM. MANCHESTER. E.NGLAND association. the railroads Now, how is the business man going to reach unless by united efforts." Swedes Asked to Go Home. King Oscar is anxious that the hundreds of thousands of BEDROOM. MANCHESTER. ENGLAND of cars does not exceed six.ty-five or seventy per cent of their present capacity." F. A. Delano, president of the vVabash, protests against legislation hostile to the roads. He says: "One of the effects of hostile legislation is to alarm inves-tors in railroad securities. They doubt whether railroads can successfully ,survive the hostility and investors who have fol- Swedes who have emigrated to America shall return to Sweden, and has begun an investigation to determine what .\lfompted his people to leave the fatherland and what would induce them to return. , This investigation is a part of the industrial awakening which is going on in Sweden. The first direct appeal from the crown to men to return to Sweden has been received in Chicago. -~MI9rIG7!N Creditors Running Breuner Company's Business. H. L Smith, secretary of the committee appointed by the <::reditoTSof the J aim Brenner Company of San Francisco, to take charge of the stores in San Francisco and Stockton, Ca1., investigate and report the amounts of assets and liabilities and make recomme11dations as to what action should be taken to protect the interests of all concerned, has sent out the fol-lowing statement to creditors: Gentlemen :~Pursuallt to promise contained in former cir-cular, I desire to advise you that the accountant employed by the ereditors;' .;::ommittee has made the following report as to assets and liabilities of the John Breuner Company of San Francisco: RESOURCES. Values as per face Of Ledger ..$ 3,645.99 207,594.55 29,400.00 Estimated values for closing out purpos(~s. $ 3,645.99 103.797.28 24,500.00 Cash on hand .. Merchandise., . Bills receivable . _.. , . Accounts receivable prior to April 18, 1906 .. Accounts receivable since April 18, 1906 ' . Sundry accounts receivable .. ". New stable on leased ground .. ' . Account receivable Brettner Commercial Co, and 5tock~ holders' liability ., .... ,. Account receivable John Brenner Co. of Stockton and stock-holders' liability , .. New \varehotlse proper-ty on line of S. P. R. R. Co $77,017.69 Subject to mortgage of 22,500.00 14,512.81 2,500.00 73,380.38 3,756.02 7,445.16 62,373.00 919.12 3,000.00 5,677.97 1,892.66 8,503.03 5,865.00 54,517.69 50,000.00 Interest in stOj'e building on Van Ness avenue .. '., '" ... '. . 19,184.95 Uncollected insurance accruing out of the fire of April, 1906.. 6,392.40 Horses, vehicles, harness and stable fixtures '............. 11,743.60 Fixtures Jrl warehouses and stores .... , .... , ... ;. 15,655.00 Accounts due under leases of fur-niture 33,272.75 5,000.00 2,130.00 3,900.00 4,800.00 33,272.75 $494,679.30 LIAlllLITlES. $307,595.80 Accounts payable to San Francisco and California merchandise creditors $ Accounts payble to Eastern merchandise creditors. Bills payable to California and Eastern merchandise creditors ,.. . , .. , . Bllls payable for borrmved money . Due upon sundry local accounts .. Due for rent. ..... 44,557.95 138,688.01 123,011.94 180.100.00 1,818.67 140.00 $488,316.57 So far no proposition of adjustment or settlement has been made by the debtor alld as an altefll;ative to summarily realiz-ing upon the assets the committee will run or operate the business for the time bcinK. as it is upon a paying basis. Respectfully, H. L. SMITH, Secretary. MANUFACTURERS OF HARDWOOD LUMBER &. VENEERS SPECIALTIES : ~t'YJt!'eBQUAR. OAK VEN EERS MAHOGANY VENEERS HOFFMAN BROTHERS COMPANY 804 W. Main St" FORT WAYNE, INDIANA 50 PER CENT of the Circulation of Trade Papers tExcepting the Michigan Altisanl IS mailed to manufacturers, designers, shop hands, com= mission men, jobbers of fac-tory supplies and others who do not sell furniture and kin-dred goods. To reach the largest number of retailers use The Michigan Artisan's Mercantile Editions Mailed to Dealers Only. Morton House American " ....Plan Rates $2.50 and Up Hotel Pantlind European ......Plan Rates $1.00 &ondUp GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. The Noon Dinner Served at the rantlind for 500 is the fiNEST IN THE WORLD J. BOYD PANTLlND. Prop. 5 Lignine Carvings Unbreakable tj' Perfect teprodudion of hand carvings. Full depth of grain. Will nol CHIP. CHECK, CRACK nar SHRINK. f:lI Stronger than wood. ~ No waste in your fadory. iI]1 Are applied Ihe same as wood carv-ings, by nailing or gluing. fj No heating oar steaming. Finish with fillet or stain. q Write for sample and catalogue showing Capitals, Heads, Shields, Scrolls, Claws, eleo Condder UGNJNE carvings in your new creation ... ORNAMENTAL PRODUCTS CO., 551 West Fort St., Detroit, Mich. 6 ·~1'1.19,HIG7fN (Continued from Page 3.) other diner may have much less lumber in it, but the waste may rUll up to forty per cent or more. It is the same way with other furniture-the amount of waste depends on the pattern. "There's another thing to remember in considering that matter of waste. V\lhen lumber is scarce and high the grades run lower than when there is a good supply. Dnder present conditions 'everything goes.' In some kinds manufacturers are obliged to take anything they (:an get and there are few culls. \Vhen lumber l,vas plenty a.nd prices were low it was graded closely al1d cplls·"lere not salable." Furniture of the Revolutionary Period. In discussing the furniture of the American revolutionary period, a noted decorator said: "A refined and cultured peo-ple made and used the furniture of the revolution, It was a delicate minded, cultured and .sens.ible race, with a very lively sense of the limitations of decoration, as applied to things in daily _USe. Later generations have displaced the French miracles of ugliness, and learned to prefer simple things and are teaching their children the beauty of decoration applied with skill and taste_ The \}.llowtedge that if the fur-niture used was not made in America it was made for Ameri-cans is pleaslng, and there is a feeling that in going back to its use, in collecting it and saving it from dishonor, we are bringing ourselves nearer to the spirit of the old time. Of course, this is but superficial, but we live in a wodd where even superficial influences have weight. It is seldom that one finds a pie('.e-.'of revolutionary furniture to which the words ugly or awkward consistently apply. There was a 'style' in those days, in the homes of well-to-do peoplr, while the rich had the best of everything, Those who were 'not so well off' followed the style of their more fortunate neighbors as closely as they could, but even in the pieces that bc101iged to poor people there is excellence in the model. "There is ah·,rays merit of some kind in the old furniture. It is well shaped, it is useful, it is made of handsome wood, it has excellent mouldings and rich turnings or picturesque carving and its ind1vidllality is not the -least of its recommen~ dations; there are never two pieces exactly alike. J! . no one in those days apparently who made things 'for the trade.' " Kansas "Factory Act" is Held Valid. A decision of great importance to factory Owners was rendered by the supreme court of Kansas on July 16, in the case of I\fax Bloom against the W-estern Furniture Cornpany of Wichita. The case originated in the circuit court at Wi- {:hita, where JUdge Wilson awarded Bloom $.3,500 for the loss of his right hand which was mangled by a planer in the company's factory. The company appealed to the Supreme court, '1ilhich affirmed the judgment and sustained Judge Wil-son's interpretation of the law. Attorneys for Bloom contended that the furniture company was liable for damages because they had not complied with a statute of this state known as the "factory act," which re-quires manufacturers to safely guard their machinery for the purpose of protecting their employes from injury. The de-fense of the furniture company in qoth Courts was that even though they had failed to obey and comply with this law, it was Bloom's fault that he got hurt, because he knew the ma-chine was not guarded and what condition the machine was in when he went to work, and, therefore, they were not to blame and should not have to pay damages for his injury. The supreme court declares that where the manufacturer fails to comply with this law, and one of his employes gets hurt in an unguarded machine, the manufacturer cannot de-fend himself by claiming that the man knew what condition the machine was in, could see it, and, therefore, assumed the risk for allY injury while working on it, but is liable to the employe for any injury he may recctve on account of the ma-chine being unguarded. There llas beell much quibbling in the Kansas courts of this liability question ever since the "factory act" was passed in 1903, but the matter has now been settled by the supreme court and the decision will undo-ubte.tIly have considerable in-fluence in other states. Peaceable Picketing Permitted in Chicago. The employ~s of the Theodore A. Koch Company, man-ufacturers of furniture for barber shops, of Chicago, went out OJ1 a strike a few weeks ago and established a picket on the works. The company soqght the aid of the court to prevent M. A. Schmitt, the business agent. of the Wood Workers' union, from iuterfering with workmen when ap-proaching the shops. Schmitt said that the courts held that labor unious had a right to do "peaceable picketing," and that he had merely told workulen who approached the place that there was a strike in the Koch Company's shops. He said he did not lay hands on anyone. Schmitt argued in his own defense and won his case. Inno.vation Rewarded. No person with a good natural eye for C010f, with hos-pitable thoughts, with love of comfort, and with common sense, ever departed from the conventional way of furnishing a house, for the sake of suiting his house to his own character and likings, without being rewarded by the world's _cheerful acceptance of the innovation. Ten to one, the independent suiter-of-himself w:ilI find his innovation accepted by fashion, or by the good sense of the world, a,nd incorporatcdinto its own syetc111as a new law of the Medes and Persians. Dust and Shavings Equipment. The Grand Rapids (Mich.) Blow Pipe and Dust Arrester Company are busily engaged on orders for special apparatus for handling dust and shavings in wood working plants. Hea,,-y contracts have been taken and Manager Verrell reports that the business done during the current year will be the largest in the history of the company. The Hand Screw With "The Saw-Cut Thread" Weare the only manufacturers making Hand Screws with the Saw Cut Thread. No other factory is equipped to furnish them. The machine for cutting the threads is patented, and we own the patent. Spindles threaded in this way rarely strip, consequently last longer than the ordinary makes. Let us send you our catalog. GRAND RAPIDS HAND SCREW CO. Hand Screws, Benches, Trucks, Furniture Clamps. 130 So. Ionia St, Grand Rapids, Mich. The Factory Edition of the ARTISAN is mailed to manufacturers of FURNITURE, PIANOS, ORGANS, RE-FRIGERATORS, CHAIRS, and INTERIOR WOOD WORK. Our Merchants'Edition.is Mailed to Dealers Only. 8 IMPROVED PROCESS IN MANUFACTURING Golden Oak Stain For some time past, it has been the custom to send out for general use to the Piano and Furniture Manufacturers, a Golden Oak Stain strong enough for the user to reduce it at least 5 to 1. In order to give' this strength. the stain was necessarily of a very heavy body; in fact, it was as heavy when coming from the barrel or can, as molasses in winter time. When thinned out ready for use, it would leave a surplus of Stain remaining on top and in the pores, which, when filled over, mingled with the filler and retarded the drying, causing no end of trouble in shrinking and bulging through the finish, etc. By our IMPROVED PROCESS we have succeededin produc: ing a Stain in bulk form as thin as milk, but stronger than the heavy bodied Stain referred to, which, when reduced 5 or 6 to l-as may be desired-is as thin when applied to the wood as a reducer it-self; being so thin, it immediately disappears into the wood, leaving no surplus stain on top Of in the pores to cause trouble with your filler, and thereby your finish. Try our IMPROVED PROCESS. GOLDEN OAK STAINS No. 1914 No. 1916 No. 1917 No. 1918 THE BARRETT-LINDEMAN CO. in consolidation with 1n[ lAWRrn([ =McfADDrn (0. Philadelphia Chicago ~MI9rIG7}N 9 KNOXVILLE CARVING AND MO ULDING CO. KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE Manufacturers of SPINDLE and HAND CARVINGS, ROPE, BEAD and EMBOSSED MOULDINGS, HANDLES, Etc, Write Jor ll:ustrated Circulars and Prices. Dont's For Young Salesmen. Don't think that because the boss has a roll-top desk and a private office that he also has a cinch. The man ".rho car-ries the responsibility is the IUall whose shoulders first grow bent. If the boss has a system for yOll to follow, yoU follow it. Don't try to introduce any variations on your own re-sponsibility. Exercise the same discretion in choosing an employer that the employer uses in choosing a salesman, and then stick to your choice. Tt doesn't pay to recommend inspire any too much confldence. It is a wise salesman who takes pains to know more than he is expected to know about the goods he sells. Study some branch of store work on the side. Learn to make sign cards, to write advertising, to dis-play goods, to handle correspondence. It's a busy man who hasn't time to learn something outside of his routine. The Era Office Supply Company and the E. R. Thompson AN ENGLISH DINING ROOM goods a bit higher than they will stand. A customer fooled that way once won't give you a second chance. Don't tell your story too glibly. The man who rattles off his piece about the goods as if he had said it a thousand times doesn't Printshop of Carthage, Mo., have been consolidated under the control of Mr. Thompson, who proposes to increase the capi-tal stock and enlarge the business, using the old name of Era Office Supply Company. - Order at Once---The Classified White Directory of the Manufacturers of Furniture, Pianos, Organs, Bedding. Interior Finishes and kindred Trades. WHITE PRINTING CO.• Gt'and Rapids. Mich. - 10 EXCELSIOR IS EXPENSIVE. Prices so High That Manufacturers are Looking for Substi-tutes,- Reasons for Recent Advance. Six or eight years ago excelsior was sold at $12 to $16 per ton. Now the prices are $15 to $25 in Grand Rapids and it is still higher in Chicago and other furniture making cities. The cause of the increase is due to the increased cost of labor and material but it does not appear that there has been enough increase in the cost of either labor or material, or both, to justify a raise of 25 to 50 per cent in the product. There has certainly been a niufh larger advance in the price of excelsior than on furniture pr any other product in which labor and wood are the principal elements of cost. Formerly nearly all excelsi~r was made of basswood but as that timber became scarce other woods were substituted and now basswood, elm, tamar ck, maple, hemlock, pine and several other varieties are used. The use of so many different CHALLfNGI: REDUCER A solvent equal to turpe tine in every respect for re-ducing varnish, stains, or an ihing requiring a solvent of turpentine- strength or quality. This solvent is fully fifty p~rcent cheaper than turpen-tine, as it costs less and requir~s less to obtain the same re-sultsj and as a reducer for Oi~lstainsit has no equal. Manufactured and sold anI by GRANDRAPIDS W ODfINIS"ING CO. 55-57 fllsworth 4ve .IGrand Rapids, Mich. I kinds of wood causes great diierence in the quality or real worth of the product and that accounts for the wider range in pnces. The best grade is nown to the trade as "wood wool" and is used mainly for othel' than packing ptlrposes. The cheapest grades are made from pine or poor timber of other varieties :ind some of it is little better than hay or straw for packing purposes. There has been a raise in prices on the best grades of excelsior of $2 to $3 pcr ton recently and the supply IS short at all points. \i\'hile the cost of the cxcelsior used in packing a single piece of furniture is only a trifle, the aggre-gate used by a factory in a ycar forms a considerable item in the expense account. At $20 a ton it is enough to cause manufacturers to take notice. Just now many of them are looking for a substitute-some other material or method of packing that will allow them to use less excelsior-but no-thing in that line seems practical except crating -which at the current cost of lumber is much more expensive than the use of burlaps and excelsior. ""'hen asked to give a reason for the enormous increase in the cost of his product, Frank A. Dale of Dale Brothers excelsior cutters, Grand Rapids said: "That is easy enough. Prices were too low. The cutters did not make a cent for several years; that is they did not make a profit on the whole year's business. It is peculiar business. It goes by 'fits and starts.', The mill may be busy for a few months and then the demand will drop off and we have to shut down. There has been a raise in the price of bolts. They cost us a dollar or two more per cord than they did a few years ago and the supply is short at that. Like furniture lumber they have to be hauled farther every year, but that doesn't bother us so much as the increase in the cost of labor. It is a risky business. If wc have a blaze in the mill there is sure to be a great loss. 1£ it does not wipe out the plant cntirety all the stock on hand is spoiled by water. Still prices are not so L_ very high. We arc g-etting $.16 to $20 now and would make a fair profit if the present demand would hold good the year 'round. "The excelsior cutters have no organization here, at least I have never heard of their having- anything like an organi-zation anywhere-they are working 'eve-ry fellow for himself' and I have never heard any talk of any agreement on priees." ]. W. Fox of thc Fox Excelsior Company, Grand Rapids, said: "Yes, there has been considerable advance in prices in late years. It had to come. Labor costs more and we are paying $4.50 to $5.50 for bolts that we used to get for about,$4 per cord. Yes I know there has been some complaint abdut the quality of our goods, but that comes from those who b~y the cheapest grades. "Some want the very cheapest stuff that we can make a;nd then they arc not satisfied with the quality. Our prices now range from $15 to $25 per ton-$24 to $25 for wood wool. vVe have to use several different kinds of timber and of course it makes different grades. There is a good demand for it now, but with our facilities and those of Dale Brothers, over the rivcr there is no lack of supply. We have another plant in the northern part of the state up near Mackinaw City." "The latest quotation made to us." remarked Thomas F. Garratt, treasurer of the Michigan Chair Company "for fine excelsior is $24 per ton. It is almost impossible to obtain a good grade of this material. Any old rotten wood is considered good enough by the cutters. A sample pad of prairie grass was mailed to us from some point in Wisconsin recently. It appears to be suitable for packing purposes and we shall probably adopt it. Crating lumber is very high. V/e formerly used a good grade of white pine. It cost $7.00 per thousand. The 'price at present is $24. Hemlock costs $18 per thousand, and it is poor stuff at that price." "I don't know of any practical substitute for excelsior, for packing purposes" said Charles A. Buell superintendent of the Valley City Desk Company, Grand Rapids. "I have heard of their trying marsh hay or prairie grass, but I under-stand it is not satisfactory. It may work all right in pads but I do not believe it would do for loose packing. Excelsior is high now. Vl,l e are paying $18 a ton-three or four dollars more than we paid a few years ago. Burlaps are high too. At present cost of excelsior and burlap it would be just about as cheap to crate furniture, but there we are up against it again, for crating lumber is way up. I Suppose the high prices on excelsior are due to the scarcity of timber. That is what the manufacturers say and it is reasonable to believe' Citizens' Telephone 1702.. 10u16 babn DESIGNS AND DETAILS OF FURNITURE 154 Livingston St. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN that their material has gone up with the prices on lumber. I notice, however, that they are using almost all kinds of wood and the quality of their product is not so good now as it was a few years ago when timber was more plentiful." John Boult, superintendent of the Luce Furniture Com-pany had examined samples of prairie grass pads for packing and ordered a quantity several months ago, but the order had not been filled. He said the fiber is coarse and strong and was of the opinion that it would make a suitable substitute for excelsior. BAND SAW TENSION. Theoretical and Practical Fitting of Resaw Blades-Proper Means for Securing Expansion. Theoretically, a band saw blade should under all usual con-ditions, n1nintain a practically lixed position 011 the wheel, the teeth projecting over the front edge of the wheeL and the saw maintaining its position '''''itho111ally support on the back edge. that is, without any back thrust wheel or similar mechan-ical device for holding it to its proper position. The means for holding a hand resaw or wide log band s;nN to its position is "tension." In the case of the very narrow saws, which lack a sufficient width to permit of the exercise of tension, the hack thrust wheel is an essential feature of the gllide. "TcnsieJlr" is put in the s:nll,7 by means of the saw "tretcher or roll, or by the use of hammer. \Vith these tools the blade should be so ritted that the extreme edges, that is, the portion of the saw immediately below the roots of the teeth or base ot gullet, and the back edg·e. arc slightly shorter than the ccotral. portions of the blade. For eX;lll1ple, if you call conceive of a band saw being sheared into lwrrow strips, say. 011c-fomth of an inch \.vide, the strips from front and hack of saw wnn\d show slightly longer than the one from the cerl.- tel', or if the entire saw ..v.ere slwarcd into n;,rrow stdps the strip from the center would be the longest and those at either side would graduJlly decrease as you pass toward the edges. The effect of this sort of expansion is that the saw l,as it'.; support on the whc.els, principally on the two edg;f:s and in general practice, has the firmest bearing on the frOllt edge of the wheel, so that the toothed edge ·will be stretched the tightest. the hetter to resist aU cutting strains, and to insure straight cutting. The tensioning or expansion of the central portion oi the blade Illay be accomplished best by lIse of a stretcher. The principle of oper:ttion may be readily understood by likening it to the action of a clothes \"..-rillger,the rolls of the stretcher actually squeo:ing the plate, and as the saw passes through the rolls, the pressure exerted by the rolls may be varied as needful to secure the proper amollnt of expansion. It "vill be readily obvious that by Llsing a strccher, all parts of the saw affected by the pressure will be similarly expanded, as-suming tllat t11e gage of the saw is uniform as a result of its hot rolling and face grinding and polishing, alHl that this t111i-formity of expanslon will. be distinctly superior to the action of hammc.ri.ng, for hammers expand tllC saw only at the con-tact spot and cam10t hy any possibility affect the saw as docs a stretcher. For testi.ng the degree. of the e.xpal1s1on of the saw, some: usc a straight ed~e, but most operators depend upOn a ten-sion gage, which is ground convex on the segment of a circle 11 Quantity and Quality SOME people look to QUANTITY without regard to QUALITY Others want QUALITY. but can't gel it and QUANTITY at the same time. The fadory that is equipped with the Mattison No.5 Table Leg Machine geu both QUALITY and QUANTlTY. &'th are essential to plO6t~ making these days. Let us send you our pnnted maltet. It may open your eyes-may convince you that your present machines and methods are not up_to_date; that is, unless you already have Mauison machines. C. MATTISON MACHINE WORKS 863 FIFTH STREET, BELOIT, WISCONSIN, U. S. A. that will rangc. 111diam.e.ter according to the width of the saw. Thus for a narf(}\V band saw 20 inche.s wide, a com-mon grind fm a tenf'ion gage is all the segment of a 16-foot diameter circle, for a 3-inch saw on a 20-foot, {or a 4-inch saw on a 25-foot, S-inch on a 28-foot, 6-inch au a 30-foot, 8-illch on a 3E-foot, etc. Thus, when the S;l\V is bent np as it lies on the hammering bench, and the tension gage is applied, if the saw has been properly rolled or expanded it will conform to the convexity of the gage, and if not properly expanded, the operato/'s can readily determine what parts of the saw need further treatment to bring ;Jbout the desired uniformity. The blade should be tested with the gage on both thc out-side and inside, and the saw when finished, should shmv alikc on hoth sides. Thc amount or degree of tension will be somewbat variable according to the character of the wood heing sawed, tibl'OtlS woods requiring more tension than hardwood or pine, but the operator must C;1rry no more ten-sion in his sa1Vthan is absolutely necessary, or there will re-sult an ulHlue strain on the edge of the saw that is likely to result ill edge or gullet cracks. Tt ·will be apparent that if the face of the band saw v..lwels were perfectly flat and the S;l\V similarly perfectly flat, the saw v,,'(mJd correspond to an ordinary belt and would crowd UP-TO-DATE MANUFACTURING PLANT FOR SALE CHEAP We ofler lor ~ak our pl~\lItknown as the "PIQUA SCHOOL FURN-TURE WORKS," at PIQUA. OHIO, for kss than ;;o<jfo.f its actual C\)~t, if taken within Ole lIext 60 days, lit which time we will be in position to give complete possessioa of same. The Plant is new and completely equipped with dectric power amI woodworking machines. Will sell with or without the machinery. The Plaot is well adapted for either wood or iroll working. For further particulars, apply to AMERICAN SEATING CO" Manufacturing DepL. 90 Wabash Ave., Chicago, HI. back 01l the wheel when subjected to the cutting strain. But h,wing the extreme edges of the saw the shortest, they get most of the strain on the wheels and it is practically impos-sihle to force thc saw hack on the wheels because of the fric-tion hct\..veen the sa.v and the wheel.s. The saw c;tn, however, be led by changing the angle of approach to the wheel. Tn order to change the angle of ap-proach it is necessary that the front or back edge of the blade be crmvded sidewise. It is impossible to bend a saw edge-wise in a; straight line by allY thrust that can be applied. TllereIore, "",hatever prevents tbe edges of the blade from heing moved sidewise will tend to prevent the saw from cbanging its position on the whee1s. It requires a very slight change in the angle of approach to make the saw run ahead or back, a great deal, because: the wheels are traveling at so high a speed. For example, notice how a very slight crook edge-wi. se in :l straight line by any thrust that c.an be appli.ed. ________ -"4 12 Old Independent Cabinet Makers. Cabinet making still persists in small shops in this city. The newer race of cabinet makers! indeed, work in the big shops for wages, because the trade 1S ",,;ellpaid and employ-ment is steady, says the New York Sun. Sometimes the boss of such a shop works at the bench beside his men. The small self-employing cabinet makers prefer the independence of their OWl; little hops to being the hired men of others. Their little shops are ill the foreign quarters, in basements or in small ground floor apartments in quiet side streets. As like ;1.'> not, the cflhinct maker and his wife live be- .rIRTI.s~ ¥ $ rri Another of these men is a maker of mahogany cases for tall clocks. Some of them make a particular kind of chair, a towel rack or toy furniture for d.oll houses. These men are seldom young, and often long past 60. They have what the young fellow new to the trade must wait long to get, experience, knowledge of tools, methods and ma-terials and often nice taste. It is these possessions that en-able them to maintain their independence. As often as not, the self-employing cabinet maker is a Frenchman. The old French (IHarter of twenty yea.rs ago was long a fascinating nest of small trades, the horne of arti- INTERIOR OF .A. COTTAGE AT LETCHWORTH, ENGLAND hind the shop. He usually has 110 assistant of any kind and his stock of materials is small. Now and ag8in he pieks up at auction an old mahogany piece which he repairs and sells to some old customer, but most 01 his work is repairing the furniture of other persons. Sometimes he has a little specialty of his own. One SllCh man has for years made little mahogany footstools which are really prayer stools. They sell cheap because he makes them at odd hours out of scraps too small to go into larger articles: CHOICE BIRD'S EYE Veneers CUT RIGHT. DRIED RIGHT. 'I WHITE WRITE US FOR SAMPLE.~ GRAND RAPIDS VENEER WORKS, ':..~~,'l.:r05, ficers in brass, of die sinkers, eoppeu,miths, 111etalengravers, \voud carvers and cabinet makers. These skilled artis[Jr1s ;Ire scattered 'lOW, along with the other denizens of the quarter. A few of them have gone to the new quarter northwest of Twenty-third strct and Sixth avenue. They have found refuge in the SUburbs and others' in the cross streets of the German quarter. There are a few skilled and self-employing German cabi-net makers, and now and then one comes upon an Italian of t)le craft. It would be pretty hard to find a native Ameri-can in one of these little shops. There an~ cabinet makers even in the Syrian quarter, and here are made many of those showy and flimsy articles of Oriental furniture sold to persons who are not offended by tabourettes and stools inlaid with mother of pearl and clumsy chairs with ~rude carving. There are, however, skilled wood workers among the Syrians who produce beautifully polished and nicely joined cabinets. Here are made expensive hinged and locked boxes for the keeping of cigars and tobacco in large quantities. It is the aim of the self-employing cabinet maker to come as near as he can to earning the ·wages of his trade. Upon such a basis he estimates the price of dOiJlg a particular piece of work. Thus he is able to underbid the cabinet making shops. But he has his dull seasons, and it is a good week for him when Saturday night finds him with six times the day's wages paid to the jomneyman of perhaps a third of hi...year~. HINTS FOR HOUSE FURNISHERS. Proportion in construction is merely the regulatic)11 of the s1J.bdivisions of spaces. It deals also with the amount re-spectively of ornamented and plain surfaces that go to make up the pleasing sum total result. The tendency in decorating is Corner Of a Morning Room, London, Eng. to err rather 011 the side of over-doing than of over-severity. But it should be borne in mind that allY object ·which has its surface covered with decorations is 110t 50 impressive as if part only were embellished and the other part left plain for contrast. The art of proportion consists in determining ex-actly the relati<mshlp (tne. between retlcence and enrichment, that shall caLIse the latter to be appreciated at its full \'alue. Expense and elaboration demand a foil for their value; with-out it they are virtually v·,:astcd. In the 3pplication of color and form of ornament, the bal-ance should be struck on the one ''''hieh is 11cither too strong on the (me hand, nor yet dull .:a::n:d. commonplace on the other. Ground ROtH rooms i.n narrow streets, where opposi.te houses conduce to deaden the light, require brightening as far as possihle; ''''hile rooms in open spaces, especially in the country, in general adm.it of a comparatively subtlued color scheme. .::::. The most satisfactory room lS that whieh embodies com-fort and restfulness. House furnishers should ever keep these requisites in mind. .::::. Ornament and color which provides a gentle stimulus to the imagination is agreeable; anything beyond this becomes an annoyance. Large, heavy fumiture is out of place in small rooms. Small, delicate furniture lacks eharacter in large and high rooms. .::::. The satisfactory room is cheerful, l)ut not gaudy. In the selection of colors the aspect of any given room should be considered. A southern or western aspect does not require 13 such warm tones as do rooms.::th::a.t face more sunless quarters, The health and happiness of the occupants of a home are affected by the color scheme .b:y:::w. hich they are surrounded. 3.Jol1otony is wearisome and depressing, while eccentricities in contrasts shock and startle.:::t:h.e beholder. Over severity (extremes) repels; lavishness is vulgar and os tenta tious. Don't Be Too Blunt, Nor Too Smooth. Some business men are blunt in their dealings with cus-tomers; others are polished and suave to a degree. The former may acquire local reputatiolls for their bluntness and command the kind of respect that is evinced when neighbors say, "John is pretty blunt of speech, but you always know just where he stands. He calls a spade a spade and you don't have to think twice to know ·what he means," while of the polished man and the suave it is sometimes said by the unappreciative, 'He is too smooth, too oily, too smart." The blunt mall in business may carry his bluntness too far, just as the suave mall may convey the impression of over-smartness. The happy medium is the thing to strive for-a polite, considerate attitude towards customers and friendly patient treatment of them-11either the bluntness that offends the fastidious nor the "smoothness" that excites suspieion. Men are cast in various 11loldsand their methods naturally cliffer in all. callings, trades and professions. This is well illustrated by the methods employed by different public speakers in quelling interruptions. The blunt method, the method of th('~ dub and the cudgel, was illustrated when a Governor of the State of Illinois answered an interrupter at a public meeting by the exclamination: "Back to the asylum with you!" The method of the polished debater, the method of the rapier rather than of the cudgel, was that employed in the course of a speech by the great orator, John Bright. He was saying, "Personally I do not feel disposed to wage war agalnst these Phiiistines," when an unruly member of his Ellglish audience shouted "IIee-haw!" "If however," :'vIr. Bright continued without a pause, "my friend at the baek of 4rl ~'t> Designed by Clarence R. Hills, Grand Rapids. Mich. the hall will lend me one of his jaws T shall be encouraged to re.consider my attitude, in vi.ew of the hlstoric' success of S;tmpson when provided with a similar weapon." Both of these methods were effective ill quelling opposi-tion. Bluntness ;md polish may both win, but in business the most likely channel to suceess will probably be found by steering a middle course. 14 DISAGREES WITH ROOSEVELT. Magazine Writer Ctiticizes the President's Theory in Regard to Compensation for Accidental Injuries. "\V.W. Baldwin in the current number of the International Magazine picks flaws in President Roosevelt's theory that employers should be required to pay damages for death or injury of employes without compelling the injured employes, their heirs or representatives to resort to litigation, Mr. Baldwin's article is entitled "Regarding Automatic Compen-sation for Accidents." He says: "In bis speech dedicating the Georgia state buihling at the Jamestown Exposition, Presid~nt Roosevelt took occasion to lay down the broad doctrine that all cmp10yers of labor shall he required by law to pay in damages for all injuries incurred by any employe regardless of his own negligence and without the right of the employer to appeal to the courts. His exact language was this: 'There is no sound eCOllomic reason for diStinction between accidents caused by ne~ligellce fllld those which are unavoidable.' Again he said: 'The law should be such that the payment for those accidents will becomc auto-matic instead of beillg a matter for a law suit.' He added: '\Vorkingmcn should reccive a certain definite limited com-pensation for all accidents in industry, irrespective of neg-ligence.' "The theory of this dem:l.1ld of the president, for a sys-tem of 'automatic' compensation for accidents rests upon thc moral ground that emptoyers of labor represent the public and that the damages will bc paid by the community at large in some way he. does not dearly explain. The language of the president in elUcidating this theory was as follo·ws: "\iVhen the employer, the agent of the pUblic, on his O"wn responsibility and for his 0\'\111 profit, in the busiJleSS of serv-ing the public, starts in motion agencies which create risks for others, he should take all the extraordinary risks invol\red: and though the burden will at the moment be his, it will ulti-mately be assumed, as it ought to be, by the general public. Only in this wny can the shock of the accident be diffused, for it ·will be transferred from employer to consumer, for whose benefit all industries are carried 011. From (;very standpoint the change would be a benefit. The community at large should share the burden as well as the benefits of mdustry.'" "He thcn says: Long experience of compensation laws in other countries has demonstl'ated their benefit." and he adds a pointed alld most severe cOlldemnation for "tJle extreme Ul1- wisdom of the railway companies in fighting the constitu-tionality of the national employers' liability law.' "This question of paying in damages for acddents, by an' automatic process, regardless of the fault of the injured party and without opportunity to investigate the facts in court re-g" arding the extent of the injury, or the amount of compensa-tion properly payable, will interest seriously a large number of people. Few farmers of any consequence but are employers of labor, and the very existence of cities is founded upon the relations of employers and workm~n in trade and manufactur-ing pursuits. "Common sense and common judgment recognize a clear moral and economic distinction between accidents caused by negligcnce and those which are unavoidable. * * * * Ac-cidents occur ill multitudes of cases where it would be against sound morals to require the paymcnt" of any damages what-ever._ and the proposition to pay aU damages "automatically," and without right of investigation, is unworkable. Suppose the accident is an unavoidable one, as if the employe standing BENNETT & WITTE lIrANVFACTVRH:RS OF ==LUMBER== For f'Ul'nltul"e Mf1'&••Car BuUdel'S and. Carriage Trade. Sl:~~t:W~~h}ite and Red Oali {Q~~e~: RED and SAP GUM Poplar, Cottonwood, Ash, Elm and Chestnut. A Full Line of Soutbern Hardwoods. Export and Dome"tlc. WRITE EITHER OFFICE. Brand>, Memphi., T..... Main Offi.,e, Cin.,innatl. O. We sell on National Hardwood Lumber AlISOCiati()n inspedioR oilly. under a tree in an interval of his work should be killed by lightning. The President seems to maintain, to use his own language, that all workn:en should receive a certain and de~ finite compensation "for all accidents in industry, irrespective of negligence. The farmer whose employe seeks refuge under the tree js, 3n Mr. Roosevelt's view an agent of the public.. and though the burden will at the moment be his, it will ultimately be assumed, as it ought to be, by the general public. "V'lill this conception of every employer of labor, whether farmer, manufacturer or merchant, as thereby an agent of the public stand ana.lysis? ,~Thy, for instance, is the manufac-turer any more an agent for the public in the matter of ac-cidents to employes than in the far more important matter of wages, or whether employes shall be paid by the piece or by the day? If this doctrine is accepted, if all who own r ESTABLISHED 11358) BERRY BROTHERS' Rubbing and Polishing Varnishes MUST BE USED IN FURNITURE WORK TO BE APPRECIATED THEY SETTLE THE VARNISH QUESTION WHEREVER TRIED WRITE rOR fN/I'ORMATION, ~INISHE.DWOOD SAMPLES, AND LITERATURE. New York 262 Peat} St. BO$ton 520 AtialltK: Ave. P~tt81~~.u:.5lh1 Baltimore 29 S. Hanover St. BERRY BROTHERS, lIMITEO VARNISH MANUFACTURERS DETROIT Cbieaga 48-50 Lake St. Cincinnati 420 Main St. St. Louis 112 So.4th 51. San FJ'aJ2.Cnco C.tl.NAOIAN FACTOR .... WALKERVILLE ONTARIO 668 Howard St. THIS IS THE CAN AND L.ABEL. L _ ·f'~MIPflIG7fN 15 WE WANT YOUR TRADE ON Yellow Poplar and Birch Cross~anding I~·c"WE SHIP THE SAME DAY"~= I wALTER CLARK 535 Michigan Trust Building Citizens Phone 5933 GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN and control industries are to be treated as "public agents," what is private business in this country? "Again, will the idea of what the Presidellt dC11(lll1inates the diffusion of the shock of the accident stand analysis? The 'shock' of the accidcllt inclucles the hill of damages, the burden of 'which, after paymcllt, wi1t, according to the President, "be transferred from employer to consumer.' 'How will it be thus transferred? Can manufacturers and farmers and those ,,,,ho produce, transfer their liabilities generally to their customers: If they can. why should any of them ever fail in business? "The only thinkable way by which the employer can diffuse to the consumer the damage bills which the President proposes to fasten on him by law, is by adding them to the price of ..v..hat he sells. But can the farmer get more than the market price for his corn or his cattle because he has paid damages for accidents to employes? This brings us back again to the question what is private business? "The most casual reader of the President's remarks can-not fail to note that ",,'e are presented ·with a new philosophy. His intimation that it is based upon long experience of com-pensation laws in other countries, is not well fonnded. No other country has a compensation law based upon these ideas or bearing a real semblance to them-that is, making the payment of accident damages "automatic," and without right of investigation in court, and abolishing all distinction be-hveen accidents caused by the employes' O\vn negligence and those which are unavoidable, and justifying such im-position of burdens upon employers on the ground t.hat they are performing a public function." Mr. Baldwin then proceeds to describe the workings of the English {;vVorkmen's Compensation Act" ..vhich has been a ta ..," for ten years. He shows that it does not work au-tomatically in any sense, and declares that while England's law is considered radie.al, President Rooseveit's proposition, in comparison, is wild and impracticable. He concludes as follows: "Seldom has the country been morc sharply presented with the issue of what rights are left to the people of the states to manage their 0\"'-11 affairs, such as the relations be-tween employer and employe. The President assumes to deal with it as a great moral question, so great that he ,vould turn the railroads over to the forces of riot and disorder jf they disagree with him, But, as the Chicago Tribune recently pointed out, regarding an inheritance t.ax being a great moral agency, the states have ample power to deal with it. "Hul1wnitarian suggestiolls proposed as measures of justice, to compensate and relieve [rom suffering those who arc overtaken by misfortune through accident or disease while at their work, coming from the Prcsident of the United States, are certain to meet ,,,..i.th favor from many, regardless of their merits or their practicability, But we live in a government of law and with a legal system perhaps unique hut believcd to he wise, under which the people have not yet conferred upon the government at \Vashington the power to prescribe rule,s for the education of their children, for the fix;ng of their wages, for the descent of their propert.y, or the relations of employer with employe. "The people can manage their own moral and domestic interests at home and through their own chosen agencies better than through a \Vashington bureau, and in ordinary times and under ordinary conditions of public opinion they would, I helieve, resent any proposition for such federal inter-ference with their purely domestic concerns. "They have not, in any state, proposed to make employers of labor automatically liable for every accident that occurs, regardless of the negligence or fault of the person injured without right of legal im'cstigation, and never will, in my juc1gmellt, except under state socialism." Cabinet Hardware --AND-- Factory Supplies New Enllland Flint Paper. Barton Gamet Paper. Double Faced Flint and Garnet Finishing Paper. Brass Butts. Wroullht Steel Butts. Cahinet Locks and Keys. Gold Plated and Gilt Cab. inet Keys~ Bench Vises. Bolts, Washers, Zincs. Wood Screws. Coach Screws. Liquid Glue. Casters. Upholsterer's Tacks. Larlle Dead Burlap Taoks. Wire Brads. Standard Nails. Cement Coated Nails. Elbow Catcbes. Door Catches, etc~, etc~ Our large and complete assortment of general hard-ware is at your service. Correspondence solicited. Inquiries for prices will receive careful and immediate ~ttention. FOSTER, STEVENS & CO. GRANDRAPIDS,MICH. 16 A PARADOX Furniture Manufacturers: You can save at least one-third of the time now required in your finishing room and still maintain or better the quality of the work done by using our Paradox Rubbing Varnish (In three shades-Pale, Light and Medium) Work can be coated every day and last coat rubbed the third day; it dries tough and hard, will not soften up or print in packing. Order a sample barrel subject to your approval and test It. We manufacture a full line of Cabinet Varnishes; they are made upon Honor and sold upon Merit. Our facilities and products are second to none. The Largest Paint and Vamish Works In The World ACME WHITE LEAD AND COLOR WORKS DETROIT MICHIGAN USA C. B. QUIGLEY, MANAGER OF SALES, VARNISH DEPARTMENT 17 igf(apiQs.f\ic~ The Pittsburg Plate Glass Company MANUFACTURERS AND JOBBERS OP Plain and Beveled Mirrors, Polished Plate, Bent Glass, Plate Glass for Desks and Table Tops. CARRARA GLASS a new product Uke polished whit. marble. Our facilities for supplying furniture manufacturers and the trade with everything in Plate Glass, rough or polished, large or small, will be understood when we state that we have nine glass factories, e~tendjng from Pennsylvania to MillSouri, and fifteen Mirror Plants located as follows: New York 608ton Philadelphia. &\lllalo Chicago 8t. LO\1ts Minneapolis Atlanti\ Kokomo. Ind. Ch~cll\na.1i Crystal City. Mo. Ford CUy, Pa. Kansas City. Mo. High PoJ.at. N. C. O.... enpo ..t Largest Jobbers of Window Glass Also, our 24 jobbing houses carry heavy stocks in all lines of glass, paints. varnishes ad bruiihes and are located in the cities named below: in the World New York-HudL'lon and Vandam ISts. Cleveland-1430-4 West ~d Street. BbBton---41-49 Sudbury, 1-9 Bowker. sts. Omaha-1608-10-12 Harney Street. Sole distrlbutera of ChicllgO-t42:-452 "","abash Avenue. St. Paul-849-t>1 Minnesota Street. Cincinnati-Broadway and Court Sts. Atlanta, Ga.--SO, 32 and S( S. :Pqor st. PATTON'S SUN PR.OOF PAINTS St. Louis-Cor. 7th and Market Sts. Savannah, Ga.-7(5_749 Wheaton Street. Wire GI~s BCil'stProtection Against Fire ~1inneapoJis--.)OO-516 S. Third St. Kansas City-Fifth and W7andotte ISts. netroit-53-35 La['lled St., E. Birmingham, Ala.-2nd Ave. and 29th St. Gm.nd .Rapids, Mlcb.-S9-4 t N. DIvIsIon Batfalo-S7%-4-8-8 Pearl street. It needs no argument to show what advantages St. Brooklyn-685 and 637 Fulton Street. Plttsburgh-tOt-I03 Wood Street. PhUadelpbia-I'itca1rn BuUdiBS. Areh may be derived from dealing directly with us. l\Iilwaukee, Wi8-492-494 Market St. and Eleventh Sts. Roche8ter, N. Y.-Wilder Building, Maln Davenport-410-US set.tt Street. Agent. for the Coulson Patent Corper and Exchange 8ts. Dallas, Texas, 129-131 Camp St. Posh allld Bar •• Baltbnore-2%1-223 W. Pratt Street. The Universal Automatic CARVING MACHINE ==== PERFORMS THE WORK OF ==== 25 HAND CARVERS And does the Work Better than it can Ie Done by Hand MADE BY, Unwn hUOSSlno MACnln[ (0. Indlanapoll .. Indiana Write lor Information. Prlcel Etc. 18 ESTABLISHED 1580 " ~ i_ ' :/ ,~;<:~ ~ ~ ~- ~ - - I"UBI.ISHED II'T MiCHIGAN ARTISAN CO. ON THE 10TH AND 25TH O~ I£ACH MONTH 0"'II'ICE-2-20 L.YON ST •• GRAND RAPIDS. MICH. ENTERED AS MATTeR OF" THE SECOND CLASS The managers of the Crosby Transportation Company, who run a line of boats across Lake Michigan, refuse to take freight from the boats that run all Grand River or frpm the interurban cars that connect Grand Rapids with points on the lake shore" As a consequence, goods that are to go from Grand Rapids across the lake to Racine, IVlilwaukee, etc., are taken to Chicago by the Goodrich boats and then down the west shore to their destination. Such action on the part of the Crosby Company seems to be unwise and "mighty small business." It causes considerable inconvenience to Grand Rapids shippers, and it is difficult to see where the Crosby managers can expect to gain anything in a financial way, or in popularity or good will by pursuing such a policy. It is said this case cannot be reached by the Interstate Commerce Commission, but the Crosby Transportation Company is '1 corporation-a chartered common carrier-and it seems there should be some 'way to compel them to exchange freight with other common carriers. *J* *1* *1* *J* The superintendent of a large chair factory, isolated as to lo~ation, complained bitterly of his troubles in training and ke'eping factory help. "\Vc are 'located in a small town and its lack of attractions for young men makes it very difficult to hold workrilen. If we take green hands from the farms and train them to do our work, as soon as they become use-ful they gcncrally move to the large citi.es, where there is morc in life for their kind." Thc superintendent advises capitalists who call template engaging in the manufacturing busines's to avoid the small towns. Taxes and other expenses connected with the transaction of business are higher ill thc manufacturing centers, but ,these expenditures are more than compcnsated for by the advantages gained in acquiring and keeping skilled help. *'* *1* *1* *1* As a rule manufacturers of kitchen cabinets show very had judgment in the selection of designs. ;vla~lYof the cahi-nets will not "compare in appearance with the ranges or stoves with which they are grouped when in Use. Thc manu-facturers would be well rewarded for their pains and expense if they would pay more attention to this matter. Considerablc progress has been made in the effort to improve the con-struction and finish of kitchen cabinets, but there is still a RTeat deal to be accomplished in this respect. *1* *1* *1* *1* More than two years ago predictions were freely uttered that golden oak would be placed on the shelves 'with sixteenth century, malachite, ere mona, forest green and other finishes of past generations. But it holds on and apparently is as strollg in the estimation of the trade as at any time since its use began. For producing loud, showy effects, especially in emphasizing the flitches of oak veneer, golden oak is un-equaled. "'1* *1* *1* *1* A contractor who has been remarkably successful, treats his workmen a little better than anybody else. He finds that his men'win stretch a point in his favor, and that he can get competent hands when nobody else can. Every employer may do the same and the same results will follow. It takes wisdom, however, as well as ger.crosity, to handle men prop-erly. Too easy treatment is not good, any more than harsh-ness. *J* *1* "'1* *1* The use of veneers continues to grow more general with . the growing- scarcity of timber. It is necessary to introduce veneers that were considered out of the question a few years ago. "",,'here there were ten veneer mills a decade ago there are at present fifty. The manufacturers of veneer cutting and glue spreading machinery are among the busiest of the iron workers of America, a fact which establishes the state-ment in regard to the continued growth in the use of veneers. *1* *14' *1* *J* "Approximately 1,000 buyers had visited that (Grand Rap-ids) market up to that time"-July 24.---:-ChicagoFurniture Journal. Actually, and the facts were in the p05session of the Furniture Journal, more than 1,000 buyers had visited the Grand Rapids market "up to that time." Will the Journal explain why it continues to misrepreseiH the condition of the furniture industry in Grand Rapids? *J* *1* *1* "'1* Manufacturers exhibiting lines in Grand Rapids will re-sent the efforts of the Chicago Semi-Occasional Furniture J oumal to discourage buyers from coming to Grand Rapids by representing that "the end was in sight" during the middle of the season. The end is never in sight in Grand Rapids where the lines are on sale every business day of the year. *'* *1* *1* *1' "",,'hen everything is ,coming to you in the form of orders, do not say "I have no kick coming," but employ the latest slang, "I have no honcy fido grunt to utter." When you find a man who knows every nut in the hridge, do not call him "a wise guy," but a "live wire." *1* *1* *1* *1' Some one has invented a microscope that magnifies 16,000 times. That is ,almost exaggeration enough for the big s.ales stories of some of the furniture salesmen. *1* *1* *1* *1* The fact that the Union Pacific railroad has reduced some of its passenger fares to a cent a mile while, at the same time, fighting- the two-cent law in the courts, indicates that Mr. Harriman recognizes a radical difference between practice and principle. *1* *1* *J* *1* The impotency of the Chicago Semi-Occasional Furniture Journal was demonstrated in its failure to break up the sales in Grand Rapids during the second week of July. *1* *1* *1'" *1* Quite a number of salesmen 'are planning tu take up homes in Grand Rapids in order to' be with their families during the exposition season. A Well Established House. The Chicago \Vood Finishing Company have been en-gaged in tbe manufacture of wood finishing goods more than two decades, amI the quality of their products are so reliable that thc business of the company has been well established almost from the beginning. Stains, fillers, varnishes coaters and cleaners are manufactured on a large scale. Four Dollars per Gallon for Piano Varnish. Very little Zanzibar gum is imported by the makers of varnish in the United States. It is very scarce and expensive. The cost of the gum is nearly one dollar per pound. It is llsed in making varnish for finishing pianos, for which the manufacturer pays $4 per gallon. FOREIGN FURNITURE AND TRIMMINGS. Observations and Experience of an American Manufacturer While on a Tour of Europe. 1T. S. Keeler of the Keeler Brass Company, Gralld Rapids, returned recently after spending three months on the con-tinent of Emopc and i.n the British i.slands. He sailed early in 1hy a11(1joined his family, which had preceded him by several months on the mediterranean trip. Naturally :'..1r. Keele]- gave considerable attention to the furniture trade and that branch of the furniture business in which he is engaged. Vv'hen asked in regard to the manufacture of furniture trim-ings in Europe. he replied: "The tftmmings, mainly of bras>;, are either very high priced and artistic or very poor and cheap. There !:ieemed to be no demand f.or goods of medium quality. The furniture of the rich is made to order and the handles and metal orna-ments \1sed are designed especial1y for the piece or pieces ordered by the customer. French syles prevail largely, ;:tl-though there is a considerable sale for plain English effects. In Cairo, (Egypt) my son ·visited the warehou,Se of a dealer who handles g-oods manufactured in the United States. Glass knobs \-vere used on the cases, hut these were the only ones seen. The drawer handles seen in France and Germany have very long bolts and large nuts, a useless expenditure for metal and labor. In Paris the master patterns are owned by the manufacturer of furniture. \Vhen be needs handles or other trimmings he invites bids from the brass tounders, and to the successful bidder he elltrusts the patterns, tn be re-turned with the c<lsting's ordered.!' 1"1 r. Keeler found nothing of value in the way of patented specialties in furniture trimmings. A peculiarity of the trade noticed in Paris is that up-holstered goods and mattresse" are t"old by one class of de.al-ers exclusively; another class handles furniture for the dining room, still another handles library or bedroom furniture etc. Tn London 1h. Keeler noticed the cabinet makers with push carts carrying a piece or two from warehouse to warehouse in quest of a purchaser. vVhile in Paris Mr. Keeler \Ivitnessed the race for the Grand Prize of $50,000. The "Kings of France" a.nd Den-mark and $2.,0,000 people were present. Betting on the re-sult was generally indulged in and the people were greatly excited. He was pleased with the facility with which the great crowd was handled. Every person using the street cars ,vas provided with a scat, and only a sufl-icient number were admitted to the platform to fdl one car at a time. In Venice Mr. Keller visited the fish market c,arly one morning and \vitnessed the sale of the day's catch by a si-lent anction. The fisherman or his agent exposed his fish for the examination of the buyers and received their bids, which were whispered into his ear as he passed along the line. \h,lhen all had had an opportunity to offer a price, the suc-cessful bidder was indicated by a wave of the hand. The plan satisfies all and on account of its llracticability it might be adopted in other lines of trade. Just imagine Bob Calder, for instance, standing near a big mahogany suite in the wareroom of the Nelson-Matter Furniture Company receiving the whiS-pered bids of \V. A. Barker, Henry Pease, E. C. Lyon, A. \V. Voight and T. L. Foley for the same. Surely, it would make you laugh! , L False and Malicious. "The season in Grand Rapids \vas practically closed on the 24th (July).-Chlcago Furniture Journal, July 25, 1907. On this, the 31st day of July, 1907, the Grand Rapids mar-ket is wide open and the statement of the J oumal is both false and malicious. vVhen a market is closed it is because those who make the market have nothing; to selL There 19 are at least one hundred lines on the floors of the ware-rooms and in the exposition buildings of Grand Rapids at this momcnt and salesmen in attendance to wait upon cus-tomers. The great lines of the Nelson-Matter Furniture Company, the Oriel Cabinet Company, the 'Berkey & Gay Furniture Company, the Imperial Furniture Company, the Luce Furniture Company, the 1'1acey Company, the Gunn Furniture Company, the Grand Rapids Fancy Furniture Com-pany, the Royal Furniturc Company, the Grand Rapids Fur-niture Company, the Phoenix Furniture Company, the en-tury FUTniture Company, the Grand Rapids Chair Camp ny, thc IVIichigan Chair Company, the Vliddicomb Furniture C m-pally, the C. S. Paine Company, the Retting Furniture C >m-pany, the IJuskegon Valley Furniture Company, the Gr nd Ledge Chair Company, the Stow & Davis Furniture Camp ny and others of equal prominence afe unbroken and buyers can sec the samples every business day. vVhy shoul<.1 the J ouroal continue to misrepresent the local manufacturers as wel1 as those from out,,:,of-town ho offer theil' goods for sale in Grand Rapids? vVhy shoul it seck to injure the business of these business men? he Jol1rnal attempted to stampede the buyers I\..ho were co ing to Grand Rapids on July 10, when it announced that "the nd was in sight." Later it was cODJpelled to admit that the end was out of sight-very far out of Sig~t. , ! Pacific Purchasing Plan Impr~tical. , Two years ago, ,...h. en fOllr big 'furnitiure stores in os Angeles, Cal.-Barker Brothers, Niles Pease, the Los n-geles Furniture Company and the Fred~rick-Mackic C m-panY-\ V<2re consolidated, under the name pf the Pacific ur-chasing Company, it was announced with Ithe blare of m ny trllInpcts that the furniture bnsiness of th4t city and vlei ity would be concentrated in the stores of thel new company. It was planned to practically eliminate competition, but w en tbe Pease Brothers, the California Furni~ure Company, the Lyon-.YlcKinney Company and Bronson r Co. opened ew stores with fresh stocks, the Pacific Purchasing Comp ny was signally affected. The old stock~ of )hles Pe se, the Los Angeles Furniture Company and the Freder ck- ?\-fackie Company were not easy to dispose 10f, but in due t me the Pease store \'Vas closed. On February 1 next, when the lease of the store occupied by the Frederiick-IVIackie bra ch of the Purchasing Company expires, the second store will be closed. The handling of the large stocks bf the several c m-panies and firms mentioned has not been arl easy undertak ng, and this fact may account for the failure of the Messrs, Ba er and Frederick to attend the mid-summer s1les this year. I , Princess Dressers and Washs~ndS. The princess dresser of today is differdnt in construct'on from the princess dresser of 1886. In that year the ate Colonel Penney of Grand Rapids obtail~ed letters pat nt for a combination dresser and washstand and commen ed the manufac,tu,e, of the same. The corrJbinatiol1 COllSi ed of a zinc-lined tank, a movable dresser to~, bencath whir 1 a wash-bowl was placed and a pail, contain~d in a cabinet, to receive the water from the bowl. The ldresser was c n-structed without drawers in the base, but a toilet and ir-ror and small drawers on the movable case op werc provi ed. The dresser did not sell very w.ell; in fact,l.it fa~led to p~e se the ladies. The gentler sex chd not cOTIfnd('x It of any d-v:. lntage when in use over the old fashioneld washstand, \- i.th pltcber and bowl, and the manufacture of ~he cases was 1S-continued, after the market had reiected[it. Washsta ds without toilets, constructed in the f~rm of I enter tables, c n-taining the tank, bowl and slop pall of tHe regular dres er, were also brought out by Colonel Penney, Ibut failed to c m-mand a market. II 20 VENEERED ROLLS Why Worry with the Roll Question =Leav?e tha=t to 1=15>W. e are prepared to solve it quicker and better be-cause we have the knowledge and equip.- ment. We use nothing but dwltDut in 0 u r cores. Writil!orpriC€s. The fellwoc.k Auto-mobile & Mfg. CO EVANSVILLE, IND. Furmerly the Fellwock RoIL& Panel Co. Nothing changed but the flame. 21 The "Reliable" Kind BoO.tOD New York OFFICES;------------------ Jame5towD High Point Cincinnati Detroit MID.D.eapoli. Associate Offices and Sonded Attorneys St. Loui. OUt"Clamps received GOLD MEDAL at W01"ld'. " ..b.·, St. Lout ... REPORTING FURNITURE. UNDERTAKERS, CARPET HARDWARE AND KINDRED TRADES. COLLEC-TIONS MADR BV AN UNRIVALLED SYSTEM THROUc;H OUR COLLECTION DEPARTMENT •.. wE PR.ODUCE RESULTS WHRRE OTHERS FAIL, W1UTK FOR. PARTICULARS AND YOU WILL SEND US YOUR BUSINESS. Our Complaint and Adjustment Departmeftt Red Drafts Collect 316 Houseman Bultdlrrog, Graftd R.plds. Mlch VJtNEER PRESS (Patented June 30,1903.) CHAIN CLAMP (Patented June 30,llXl3.) CASINET CLAMP. Wood ~ Forming Cutters Graftd Rapids Chtca.so In all Prlrroclpalcities We offer exceptional value in Reversible and One-Way Cutters for Single and Double Spin-dle Shapers. Largest lists v,,"ithlowest prices. Greatest variety to select from. Book free. Address SAMUEL J. SHIMER & SONS MILTON. PENNSYLVANIA. U. S. A. Write for prices and particulars. Black Bros. Machinery CO. MENDOTA, ILL. 5aw and Kn'fl e Fl'itnt'g Mach'lrtery and T00 IS UThne .MBig.nge"s.tda,,n,dd.Best Baldwin. Tuthill ®. Bolton GrarrodRapids. Mich. filers. Setters. Sharpeners. Grinders. S...a..ges. stretchers, Brazing and filing Clamps. KI\\ie Balances. Hammering Tools. Invet~:~ our New 200 page Catalogue for 1907 Free. Bolton Band Saw Filer for Saws h inch up. B. 1. &. B. Shle D. Knile Grinder. Full Automatic:. Wet: or dJy. 22 West Side 36 Inch Band Saw Machine, Gleason Patent Sectional Feed Roll, ===~MANL·FACTlJRED BY========= WEST SIDE IRON WORKS, CRAND RAPIDS, MICH., U. S. A. We can help you. Time saved and when done leaves are bound (by :rour-self) and indexed b, floors or departments. BARLOW BROS •• Grand RilPid., Mieh. WRITE RIGHT NOW. B. WALTER & CO. WABASH INDIANA M.nufa,ru.o" of T ABLE SLIDES Exclusively WRITE FOR PRICES AND DISCOUNT - R. H. RUPPER l;\?a-~,~'1~ MII.DufadQfef of Machine and Carvlnr Toot.. All lind$ of Woodworking Tool. to order-Shaper Heads. Jointer Head., Spindle Carver Cutter. and evel'}'thing: ill tools. If your DESIGNS au right. people want the Goods. That makes PRICES right. <.tlarence 1R.bills DOES IT 163Madison Avenue-eltizens Phone-l983 •. GRAND RAPIDS. MICH. -SEE= West Michigan Machine 86 Tool Co" ltd. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. for "IG" GRADE PUNC"ES and DIES. MICHIOAN ENORA VINO CO. Graud Rapids, Mich. BNOI{AVBI{S BY ALL PI{OCBIISBS. A. L. HOLCOMB & CO. Manufacturers of HIGH GRADE OROOVINO SA WS up to 5-16 thick, ---- &epalrlng~~·S.ti8fllction guaranteed. Citizens' Phone 1239. 21 N. Market St••Grand R.aplds. Mich. Liberal inducements are offered to secure a bona fide .PrOPosition eM· ploying not less than forty men. Good dlo.;tributing facilities for finished product. Correspondence is illVited regarding this and other excellent opportunities for furniture, mattr~~l iron bed and other factories along our lines, 8mdfor indulItrlal dellcnpave malter about the Rock 18tand· Frlsco. M. SCHULTER, Industrial Comminioner. Rock 16land-Frisco Lines. 1f44 Frlsc.o Bldg •• ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI. EXCEPTIONAL FACTORY OPPORTUNITY Do yOIl wish, to find an openioR for a CHAIR. FACTORY or would you like to remove to some more favurable location? 1f so, It would repay you to at once request Information about a tine locati()fl in the great timber section of Southeast Missouri along the • WHITE PRINTING CO., GRAND RAPIDS, MiCH. PRINTERS OF CATALOGUES anel ev!irything needed by business men Manufacturers Favor Tariff Revision. Many of the commercial organizations in manufacturing states have appointed special committees to study the sub-ject of tariff revision and in some of them the sentiment is not only strong, but is outspoken. The growth of this :.enti-ment is evidenced by the action of the National Association of ;\-Ia1iufacturcrs in the adoption, at the recent convention of tbl hody helel in New York in May, 19u/, of resolui:lO~:~, calling for immediate tariff revision and for the creation of a permanent tariff commission. The resolutions were recom-mended by the Committee on Tariff and Reciprocity, which made a report giving the result of a canvas of the members, which showed that out of a total of 1,800, 55 per cent were in favor of revision, most of it of a radical kind, one-fifth of that 55 Rer cent desiring only partial revision; that only 20 per· cent 'were radically opposed to revision; that 8 per cent were opposed to it on the ground of expediency, while 17 per cent were indifferent, uninformed, and not entitled to vote. This vote tabulated by industries showed 56 for, and 16 against, revision. This indicates a very remarkable growth in sentiment among manufacturers. The National Association of Manufacturers is the largest and most powerful organization of its kind in the United States. Its membership is made up from almost every State ) in which there are manufacturing industries.-American I ).lonthly Review of Reviews for July. Carving by Machinery. Since the introduction of the first wood carving machine at the Philadelphia exposition thirty years ago, great advances have been made by the builders of carving machinery. The original machine, operated by George Clark, was provided with a few small, simple cutters and nothing more elaborate than a rosette or plain line cutting was attempted. The im-provements to the carving machines of recent years are mainly contained in the machines perfected and placed upon the market by the Union Embossing :Machine Company of .Indianapolis, a corporation that makes improved emboss-ing machines as well. The company wilt cheerfully furnish information in regard to these machines. ..,. Wilt Soon Take Possession. The Grand Rapids Hand Screw Company will Soon take possession of the great plant they have had under construc-tion since the opening of the year. An illustration of the buildings will be published in a later edition of the Artisan. THE CREDIT &UREAU OF THE FURNITURE TRADE The LYON Furniture Agency ROBERT P. LYON, Gen~ral Manater CREDITS and COLLECTIONS Sailed for Europe. \V. H. Andrews, general manager, and F. Vol. Robinson, general superint~ndent of the Pratt & Lambert plants in the United States, sailed on the "Celtic'! July 25 for Europe to visit the London varnish plant of Robert Tngham, Clark & Co" Ltd., their associate house. Send for Their Samples. The Ornamental Products Company of Detroit, 11ich., originators and manufacturers of LIGXINE carvi11gs, un-breakahle. would like to place before you for your considera-tion white working on your new creations such samples of LIGKIKE carvillgs as. may be of interest to you. Vo..rritcfor plan whereby samples can be returned at their expense. New catalogue sent On application. See ad, page 6. A Profitable Investment. A traveling salesman tours his territory in "western ?vlichi-gan \vith an automobile. The house he represents allows him for the use of the nn~about an amount equal to the cost of his car fare if he traveled by rail. The salesman saves a . great deal of time and covers his territory at much less cost than \liould be possible" if he were traveling by rail. In the month of July he drew $50.00 for the use of the car. Fatal Fall From a Bicycle. Richard H. \Vcbher, treasmer of the Austrian Bent \Vood Company of ;'\e\v York, was fatally injured by falling from his wheel while on a cycling tour with a friend in the moun-tains near \Vest Orange, :N. J. He died soon after reaching the Orange ~Jemorial hosptal. More Pennsylvania Capitol Graft. Charles D. JV10ntague of Brooklyn X. Y., an expert on metal furniture. employe.d by the committee investigating the frauds in furnishing Pennsylvania's capitol building. reports Grand Rapids Office. 412-413 Houseman Bldg. GEO. E. GRAVES, Manager CLAPPERTON & OWEN. Counsel THE STANDARD REfERENCE BOOK CAPITAL, CREDIT AND PAY RATINGS CLEARING HOUSE OF TRADE EXPERIENCE THE MOST REUABLE CREDIT REPORTS COLLECTIONS MADE EVERYWHERE PROMPTLY- REUABLY that the state paid $2,012,000 for metal cases of which the actual cost was $412,000. He finds that the cases were not what is considered standard work and says that had they been properly designed for the offices in which they were placed, the c()st could have been cut 30 per cent or to less than $300,000. The cases V-ierefurnished by the Pennsylvania Construction Company in which Congressman H. Burd Cas-sell is the controlling factor. Another Grand Rapids Timber Company. Ch"lTles R. Sligh, J\Tclvin J. Clark and Frank Jewell of Grand Rapids, l\Jich., have incorporated the Clark-Sligh Tim-ber Company, capitalized at $300,000 with $150,000 paid in, for the purpose of buying timber and conducting timbering operations near Everett, vVash. 1v1r.Clark has invested $75,000 1vT1". Sligh $60.000 and Mr. Jev· ...etl $15,000 in the stock of the Company and they are said to have bought some of the best timber lands in the state of vVasbington. BOYNTON eX CO• ,,~ ~~~.~:a:":.::o.",-,,,.:.~.:.,:,.;:.:.: ~v.: ,:tl~ -~~- - ~-- - + Manufacturers of Embossed and Turned Mouldingl, Embgued and Spibdle CarvinlJ8, and Automatic: Tumin .... We also manu-facture a larKe line of Emboaed Orna_ menta for Couc.h Work. SEND FOR CATALOGUE 419-421 W. Fifteenth St .• CmCAGO.llL The LION VARNISH and SHELLAC WORKS KAREL DE LEEUW, Manager. 1475 State St., CHICAGO, ILL. ONE OF OUR SPECIAL TIES LUSTRELESS SPECIAL FINISH FOR MISSION AND FUMED OAK FURNITURE. DOES NOT RETAIN WAX. A QUICK DRYER AND DOES NOT STICK. Samples Furnished on Request. 23 This Machine Ma!kes the Money BY SAVING IT====== It makes a perfect imitation of any open grain because it uses the wood itself to print from, and one operator and a couple of boys can do more work with it than a dozen men with any other so-called machine or pads on the market. That·s why Ie. a money maker. It imitates perfectly PLAIN or QUA" TE"ED OAK. MAHOGANY, WALNUT, ELM, ASH or any other wood with open grain. --- WRITE THE Posselius Bros. Furniture Manufacturing Co., Detroit, Mich.· MENTION THE MICHIGAN ARTISAN, FOR PRICES AND FULL PARTICULARS. USE A MORTON KILN IT WILL END YDUR DRY KILN TROUBLES Does not warp or check lumber. THE MOST PERFECT MOIST AIR KILN ON THE MARKET. /'IR T I oS' ..:7I..l'1 e ? r. 2 \ Temperature and Moisture R.eadily Controlled in the "ABC·· Moist Air fiiln TRUCKS, CANVAS DOORS, RECORD. ING THERMOMETERS and other sup-plies. Write for catalog H which tells HOW TO DRY LUMBER. MORTON DRY KILN CO. / 10 Spindle Machine AlBo made with ~ •. U. 20 Rod 25 Sp1ndlee. 218 LA SAl.LE: ST" CHICACO. DODDS· NEW GEAR DOVETAILING MACHINE This. little ma~hlne has dODemore to paried tbe drawer work of furniture manufacturers than anything else in the to.rDi~ tore trAde. Fot' fifteen yell,rs it bas made. Perfect-fitting, vel'Ill1n~proof. dove-tllUed stock a pOI'lldbUity. TWi!l bas been accomplished nt reduced COllt, as the mR(lhloe cuts dove~taUs. in gaoglS 'Of from 9 to Z4 at one operation. ALEXANDER DODDS, Grand Rapids, Mioh. Bepnsented by SCHUCHARDT &: SCHUTTE at Berlbl, Vfenns.. Stockholm and St. Petersburg. Bepl'e8ented by ALFRED H. SCHUTTE at Colocne. Bru&- scl&, Liege, P.IloI'is,Milan and Bilbao. THE COLE MFG.CO•• Memphis. Tenn .. say: . "We will state that these Kilns are g-ivtng ,llood service and have come up to all that is claimed for them. We consider them the best kllIt on the market for cypress and oak as the tempeTature nnd moisture is readily controlled. Ogr 01'7 Kiln Catalogue Is No. 166 M-A. Shall we send )l'OU is. cop~? AMERICAN BLOWER COMPANY. Detroit. Mich. NItW YORK CU'-CAGO ATLANTA LONDON 26 STANDARD DRESSER AND COMMODE. Cost· Schedules as Estimated by the Administration Com-mittee of the National Case Goods Association. Herewith are presented more of the cost schedules as pre-pared and published by the Administration Committee of the Nationa1 Case Goods Association. The Michigan Artisan of June 10 gave the schedule of cost for a medium grade side-board with the committee's explanations as to the basis of the estimates, their application etc., and on July 10 the cost Medium Grade Dresser. Swell Top Drawers, Top, 21 x 42. Glass 24 x 30, French Bevel Pattern. schedule for a low grade sideboard, in two sizes was given. The following schedule is for a standard dresser of medium grade, made in plai,n oak or its equivalent: 1. Dresser Base Construction-Post or Pilaster; posts plain or moulded; maximum dimension 1M xl% x 33 inches or equivalent; no blocks; legs bandsawed; ends crosspaneled, or single paneled; partitions between drawers flat or moulded. Veneer dust protector below lower drawer. Paneled back of soft woods. Carvings as illustrated, All outside work well sanded. 2. Drawers-Four flat drawers; top drawers divided; total maximum width of drawers including base 27 inches. viz., drawers 6 inch, 8-inch-B-inch, base 5 inch; maximum length 36 inches, bottoms three ply veneer; hardwood ends, sanded. All drawers well fitted and guided to work perfectly with one hand at either end. 3. Top--Single or double; size 21 x 42; may be band~ sawed and moulded. 4. Trimmings.-Cast brass trimmings; cost not to exceed 50 cents per doz. No. 5 Lig. casters. Screw friction hinges for glass swing. 5. Finish.-Stained and filled; two coats good polishing .7lR22..Tm·1.5'JI.l'l v-arnish; rubbed or rubbed and poHshed; drawers:vamished inside. DRESSER TOILET AND GLASS FRAME. 1. ConstructioTI.-Stock not to exceed 1}8 dressed in thickness; square or open construction; bandsawed and moulded; all stock well sanded. 2. Caryings or ornamentation not to exceed in extent as illustrated. J. Glass.-Frel1ch bevel, first quality, square, 22 x 28 or equi.valent. Two ply veneer on back of glass frame, stained jf desired. 4. Finish.-Stained and filled; two coats good polishing varnish; rubbed, or rubbed and polished. ADDITIONS TO MEDIUM GRADE DRESSER. 1. Add for quarter veneered swell top drawers with top bandsawed to match , , .. "" $ 2. Add for lengthening top and front per inch for plain oak· , " . 3. Add for lengtheni.ng top and front per inch for quartered oak solid , 4. Add for lengthening top and front per inch for figured veneer , · · .. ·· . Add for deepening drawers each per inch . Add for full quartered veneered front, flat. .. , . Add for full quartered veneered front, under swell top drawers ; , , , . Add for full swell front quartered veneer , Add for blocked legs, full French, sawed 4 sides plain "" "., , . 10. Add for blocked legs, full French, sawed 4 sides plain with carved or simple cIa;"" .. , . 11. Add if made from quartered white oak lumber in place of plain , . Add for figured veneered top " , .. , . Add for figured veneered paneled ends Y<l inch. Add for figured veneered paneled ends %- to 0 inch Add for additional ornamentation, mouldings or carvings as shown . Add for French bevel square, 24 x 30 , , .. Add additional for patterns 22 x 28 or 24 x 30 : Add for Bjrds-eye maple, or mahogany or quar-tered oak in drawer bottoms .. , , . 19. Add for three ply veneer solid back on base, -}8 inch 20. Add for additional coat polishing varnish . DETAILED COST STANDARD DRESSSER FRENCH BEVEL MIRROR. .50 .25 .40 5. 6. 7. .60 .20 .60 8. 9. .50 1.25 .40 .60 12. 13. 14. 15. 1.00 .50 .25 AD .15 .50 .30 16. 17. 18. .20 .40 .25 22x 28 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Made in Plain Oak or Equivalent. Burlaped or crated Lumber, exposed, except back, 50 ft $ 1.60 Inside lumber and back, IS feet.................. .40 Veneers for drawers, back and glass back ,.... .75 Sundry materials , :....... .85 Glass, 22 x 28 first quality , . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50 I.abor , 2.35 7. Total cost labor and material. $ 8.45 Selling and administration, 30 per l;;:ent.. .. . .. . .. . .. 2.55 Total cost standard dresser as ilhtstf:lted $ 11.00 Add for burlap or crating, 20 cents. For cost of same dresser., full veneer, with swell top drawers 24 x 30 French bevC'l plate, as illustrated, to cost of labor and materials given above ...................•... $ 8,45 1. Add, for swell top drawers .... ,................. .50 2. Add, for figured veneer top...................... .50 3. Add, for balance quartered veneer front, flat. ..... " .50 4. Add, for figured veneer paneled ends %inc........ '.25 5. Add, for additional carvings .. ,.................... .15 6 .Add, for French bevel, square 24 x30 " .50 ~r;.;9HIG7fN Dayton Duplex pump with connections. Hancock Inspirator with connections. 30' x 60 ft. smoke stack with guy wires. For Price' and Detailed Information address. WE OFFER THE COMPLETE POWER PLANT FOR SALE CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING: STURGIS MACHINE CO., STURGIS, MICH. Lane & Bodley full Corliss engine. size 14 x 42 R. H. with all filliogs. Size pulley 2 I' face. 12 It. dia. Tubular boiler. full front, 60' x 16 ft.. with 50-4' Hue,. Brownell feed water heater with connections to engine and boiler. .30 .... .$11.15 .......... 3.35 .$14.50 7. Add, for French bevel, pattern, 24x30. Total cost labor and material,. Selling and administration, 30 per cent. Total cost ;:IS illustrated .... For same dresser, ",-ith full swell front add to above: For swell front....... .$ .25 Additional administration .. .10 Total cost with full swell front. . ... $14.85 For same dresser with full French frout legs add 40 cents for legs and 10 cents a<1mi1115tratiol1, mak-ing total cost.... '" .$15.35 For burlaps add 20 cents. Commode. For a standard medium gradt:: commode, top 18 x 32, as illustrated, made of plain oak or its equivalent, the descrip-tion and schedule of cost, ..v..ith additions, is as follO\vs: 1. Construction-same as medium grade dresser. 2.. Frollb--Flat, ,one drawer 4 inches wide; two doors Medium Grade Commode. Top, 18 x 32. maximum width 12 inches. Base below doors straight or bandsawed. 3. Top-Single or double, Bize 18 x 32; bandsawed and moulded. 4. Splasher Back, 1Y8 stock, bandsa\vcd and moulded; carving as illustrated. 5. Trimmings-To match dresser; No.4 castcrs . 6. Finish-Same as dresser . ADDTTlCJ:\fS AT COST. /\dd for quartered s vcll top drawer $ .251 Add for additional drawer, flat. , . , . " .. .20 Add for combination commode, top drawer straight ~I two side drawers and one door.. .. .. .. .sd Add for solid quartered oak in place of pjlain oak.. .W Add for figured veneer top.. .. ... .3~ Add for figured venccred front, flat.. .2~ Add for figured vcneert?J.l ends, 74 inch .. , . .. .. .. .. .20 S. i\dd for figured veneered ends, ii inch to yf inch.. 30 9. j-\dcl for increased length' of top and front per inch, 'j plain oak.. . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . .2 10. Add for increased length of tD{l and front per inch quartered oak . _. .2. 11. Add fOTincreased length of top and front, per inch quartered veneer '" " .. .. .. . . .3lD 12. Add for bint's-cye, quartered oak or mahogany i dra\ver bottoms .11] 13. A(ld for solid veneered back, Yii to Y;; inch.. .. ij' 14. j\dd for-blocked posts, 4 sides, bandsawed. plain.. :3 15. Add for blocked posts, 4 sides, bands awed, carved .5 DETAILED COST. I Lumber, 30 feet.. ..... . . .$1.00 Inside lumber and veneer __ __ _.. .45 Labor " 1.6b Sundries _. . .. . .. . .. . .. .45 I Total cost labor and mate';als........... . .... $3.5~ 5. Selling administration, 30 per cent.. 1 O~ '.-+ Total cost base commode, medium grade, as illustra- I Fa' b~e,~ap;" ~he~;I;~~~;;d:add20'ce~;s:" 45i [Sincc these schedules were prepared and submitted biY the committee, there has been a considerable advance in thie cost of nearly all of the materials and trimmings and a sligHt advance in the cost of labor.] I The Helena, Ark, br:nc~'--~~ Ford-Johnson Compan~ wil1 hereafter be known as the Helena ManUfacturing Coni-pany. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. O. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. IMPROVED, EASY and ELEVATORSI QUICK RAISING B~lt. El~etric and Hand Power. The Best Hand Power for Furniture Stores Send for Catalo!{ue and Prices. KIMBALL BROS. CO., 1067 Ni"'h St.. Council Blulls, la, Khnball E.levator Co .• 3;0 Prospect St .• Cleveland. O. I0811th St., Omaha. Neb.; 12{1Cedar St., New York City. aran~Ua~i~sOlow Pi~e an~Dust Arrester (om~anJ THe L/l.TTiST dC"'ice for halldlillg sha'Z.'jll/2:s (Il1d dust from all 'wood- 7x'orl.:ing machines. Our nillcfccJI '}lcars_ c;rj'tTicl/cc ill this class of '{corle' has broll{:,11t it ll(arcr perfectioll thcw (JlIy other SJ.'stCIll 011 the llwrkct foda)'. Jt '(,'-: 1/0 cxpCrhlICJll, lnlt a dcnwl1 strafed scientific fact, as '((ft' hm/c sC'i.'cral hun-dred ol these systems ill use, alld I/ot (l poor OTieoIlumg the/N. Ollr .4utolllatic Furnace Feed SYS/ClH, as SIU!"ZVllin this cul, -is the 1IIost perfect ',c'orking dC7'icc of all:)'thil1g ill this line. IT/rile for 0111' prices (or cquijnn~lI is. WE MAKE PLAXS AXD DO ALL DETAIL WORK WTTHOCT EX-PENSE TO OUR CUSTOMERS. JiXHAUST FANS AND FRES-SURE BUJTYERS ALlVAYS I.V STOCK. OHio. and Fa.ctory: 208-210 Canal Street GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Citizen. Phon.e 1282 BIfl'II, Main 1804 OUR AUTOMATIC FURNACE FEED~SYSTEM INSIST ON HAVING Morris Wood a Sons' Solid Steel Olue Joint (uffers for there are no other,.,. 1- ju.rt a.I" good." They cut a clean perfect joint always. Never burn owing to the GRADUAL CLEARANCE (made this way only by us), require little grinding, saving time and cutters. No time wasted setting up and cost nO more than other makes. Try a pair and be convinced. Catalogue No. 10 and prices on application. MORRIS WOOD &. SONS Thlrt?_two years at 31&33S. Canal Street. CHICAGO. ILL. Mr. Manufacturer-Do you ever consider what joint gluing coSb ? The sepa(atQrs and wooden wedges, if you use them and many do. are a large item of expr:mse accounts; but this is troall complll'ed to wage ac-counts of workmen who wear them out with a hammer, and then a large per cent of the joinb are failures by the insecurity of thi$ means. RESULT, it has to be done over again, if possible. If you use inde-pendent screw dampt the result is better, but slower. altoliletber too slow. Let us teJl you of something better~ PALMER'S CLAMPS. AU tteel and iron. No wedses, no separators, adjust to any width. damp instantly yet securdy, releases even faster'. Positivdy one~third mote work with one-third less help, In seven sIzes up to 60 inches. any thickness up to 2 inches. 200 factories convinced in 1906. Why not you ill 1907? Although sold by dealers everywnete let us send you p.rti,.I.". 1\. E. Palmer «80m;. Owosso. MiGh. FOREIGN AGENTS: Proiedik Co.• London, EnsJand. Schuchtudt & Schutte,Beilin, Gennany. Johnson's Tally Sheef ----FORI---- HARDWOOD LUMBER NOT LIKE OTHER TALLY SHEETS. C. A. JOHNSON, Marshfield, Wis. "Rotary Style" tor DJ'op Car'l;'iogl'!, EOlboSS\'Jd MouldiDgs, ranel". EMBOSSINC AND DROP CARVINC MACHINES. Macbines for all pnrpolM8, and at prices within the :reach ot all. Every machine b.a.8 our guarantee lliPllnllt brl'-Jllnl8e for one year. "Lateral Style" tor large capacity heavy Cftl"VWgs and Deep EmooRtllnp. We ha.ve th" Macblne you want at a. I!lattsl:~tory prle". Write toJ' descriptive cireuJarB. A1B1lmake dies :lor all lllIlkes of Ma,. ehInM. 1.1 -tU UNIONr:MBOSSINOM~C"INE CO., Indianapolis. Ind. 29 30 ·§O~Mlf,HIG7}N Pitfalls for Exporting Manufacturers:. Among the pitfalls ·which await the American mJ.nu,· facture, when he starts out f(~r the first time to actLuire for-eign trade is the exclusive agency proposition as set forth by the export commission llOuses, says the Ni:W York Commer-cial. Some export commission houses have been very SLlC-cessful as representatives of certain American manufacturers where they happen to control regular volumes of trade in certain commodities. The fact that the c_ommission house can do a good bminess for the manufacturer in one country docs not, however, mean that it can handle his interests to his own advantage in other countries. After giving exclusive rights to any commission house the manufacturer owes it to himself to ascertain just where the commiSSion house is equipped to do business. It is very doubtful that tbere is a single commission house in New York that is big enough and powerful enough to represent any manufacturer all over the world. Even the largest commission house in New York, 50 far as the territory which it eOvers, is weak in some quarters as compared with much smaller houses which specialize any restricted territories. An illustration of this is furnished in the case of a manu-facturer who sometime ago was induced to grant to one New York houae a contract covering all of continental Europe, Australasia, practically the entire contiilent of Asia, including Japan and the East Indies and South Africa. This contract has been in force for some time, but the manufacturer has thus far received no business whatever from the New York firm, except from British India, where its business has been very good. This is merely a case where the New York firm under-took much more than it could accomplish, possibly with the idea of making a reputation for the extension of its connec-tions. If this ..v.as the idea the plan failed, for it has made it clear that, although it may be strong in British India, it is far from strong elsewhere. Careful conservatism in the allotment of agencies on the part of the manufacturer is therefore a prime necessity and will relieve him from the embarrassments which hinder rather than help his trade. Left-Handed Sofas Preferred. The Milwaukee Free Press is responsible for this: A {un~i~ ture maftufacturer, who always gives a willing c.ar to SU3"Ues-tions from dealers, has received several communications lately ill regard to those "conversation" or letter "5" sofas. "The merchants say," he said, "that their Cllstomers complain that most sofas of that kind are made so that the persons sitting thereon have the right sides of their faces brought to-gether. That, tbey claim, is a mistake. Ninety-nine people out of a hundred are better lookil1g on the left side th.an the right, consequently those twisty sofas, in order to promote the interests of society, ought to be made to bring the left side of the face into view. Acting upon that suggestion we have given orders to turn out a large consignment of left-hand tete-a-tetes, so that hereafter nobody ca.n blame us for broken friendships due to concealment of one's best fea-tures." Important ·Enlargement. The Hot Blast Feather Company of Grand Rapids, Mich., has leased for five years the three story brick building on Front street, just south of Pearl, which will be occupied by the offices and spring department exclusively. This bl1ilding is SOx 110 feet, and will increase the output of the company 40 per cent. \.vhen the offices and spring department are moved to the new building it wlU greatly increase the space devoted to cotton, felt, hair and other mattresses and pillows, and will make this the largest excluslve bedding house in Michigan. Many new machines have been ordered and others will be, and the new building will not only enable them to greatly increase the output, but to make up goods with more economy and take care of their rapidly growing trade more promptly than ever. Square and Swell Fronts. Swell and shaped fronts in case work are much preferred by the people to square fronts. It is undoubtedly owing to this fact that there has not been a larger sale of the English and Mission styles. Tired of Golden Oak. Many buyers, while in Grand Rapids last month expressed themselves as very tired of the golden oak finish. They would drop it if they could, but the finish pleases customers and its use ,~ril1undoubtedly be continued indefinitely. A MAN AND A BOY Working ten hours can put up 175 Cases. It's simply a question of letting the machine do the work, the clamping and squaring, instead of doing it by hand. 'Think it over. THE REVOLVING CASE CLAMP DOES IT. Hand Screws, Benches, Trucks\ Furniture Clamps. 130 So. Ionia St. Grand Rapids, Mich. GRAND RAPIDS HAND SCREW CO. IF YOU PLACE YOUR 'ANNOUNCEMENTS ------ IN THE ------- Mercantile Editions of the Artisan THEY WILL BE READ BY DEALERS IN FURNITURE AND KINDRED GOODS ONLY I REMEMBER THIS POINT I 32 ·:f~MI9pIG7JN $ 7i~~I'{~ ~. The lar~esl Makers of furniture Trimmin~s in t~e \Yorl~ Write us for information in regard to the Pull and Knob . that wonlt come off, and· that costs you noth-ing. Dealers are demanding that they be used on all drawer W 0 r k. It's "No-I(um- Loose" for sure. Grand Rapids Brass Co. Grant:! Rapids, Mich. Slep~enson "f~(0.. South Bend. Ind. Wood Turnings, Turned Moulding, Dowels and Dowel Pins. Catalogue to Manufac-turers on Application. These saws are made from No. 1 Steel and we war-rant every blade. We also carry a full stock of Bev-eled Back Scroll Saws, any length and gauge. Write UliI for ....... LIst and dillcoont 31-33 S. FRONT ST•• GRAND RAPIDS FOX SAW DADO HEADS GREATEST RANGE SMOOTHEST GROOVES Also Machini& KnlveJ'. Miter Machines. Etc. FASTEST CUT QUICKEST ADJUSTMENT LEAST POWI!:.R LEAST TR.OUBLE LONGEST LIFE PItRFECT SAFJ~.TY We'll ,JadJy tell yoU all about It. PERMANJ<:NT ECONOMY FOX MACHINE: CO. 185 N. Front Street. Grand Rapid., Mtch FOLDING BED FIXTURES Profitable fixtures to use are those which give the least trouble. They are made by Folding Bed Williams in many styles and designs, suitable for every folding bed manufactured. Furniture Cast-ings, Panel Holders, Corner Irons. etc. New ideas and inventions constantly being added to the line. F. B. WILLIAMS 3812 VINCENNES AVE" CHICAQO Manufacturer of Hardware Specialties forthe Furniture Trade. Established 19'i8. --- --- --------------------- -~MICH. ... 7 IG.7•IN MODERN MIRROR PLATE GLASS MANUFACTURE. Methods Employed in America's Up-to-the-Times Plate Glass Plants. The following highly interesting description of the pro-cess of manufacturing plate glass is by William D. Hartupee, chairman of the manufacturing department of the Pittsburg Plate Glass Company: Few people understand the difference betwf'en plate glass and window glass. It is a difference in reflection entirely, which means, if you look at an object through plate glass, at a building, for example, the lines will show true and exact. The openings, vertical and horizontal lines, columns, decora-tions, etc" will appear to you j~1St exactly the same as though no glass .vas interposed hetween the building and your eye. \¥hile, if you look at the same object through a piece of win. dow glass, the lines win not be true, but wavy or broken. The opening witt appear crooked and ont of place. Columns are ::tpt to have a spiral appearance, and e,e whole image is distorted and untrue. To illustrate. again jn~t what we mean, if you suspend a plumb bob from a line, and look at the line through a plate glass windovv', it will appear absolutely verti-cal and- straight; while if you look at it through \'1Tindowglass, it will be wavy' and not vertical. This is expressed by saying that the image of an object seCl1 through -late glass is true and exact, while the imag-e of the same obiect. seen through window glass, is distorted and not exact. This is not due to 33 limestone of the purest-no trace of iron must show in either, for this would give a greenish tinge to his glass, which lUu"t be pure. and crystal-like. No little pieces of alumina or clay must be allowed to creep in to the mixture that is to be melted, for these would cause, on ACCOuntof their difficulty to melt, defects that would mar the appearance of the finished plate. These defects mean little to the win-dow glass manufacturer, and are hardly noticed bylJim, but to the plate g-la58 manufacturer they are important, and in-deed vital. Every material must be sobjected to the most c;J.refol chemical analysis. In order to sho-w the excessive care, the large amount of labor, the risk of breakage in the work dnd handling that attends the manufacture 01 plate glass, a brief outline of its process of manufacture may be interesting. In the first place, the materials that form the basis of glass, are santI, known in chemistry as silicic acid, soda ash, known in chemistry as carbonate of soda, and limestone, known in chemistry as carbonate of lime. Some variations are, made in the above ingredients by some manufacturers, as, for example, ::iubstituting all or part of the carbonate of soda for the sulphate of soda, which is known to the trade as salt cake, and also by the addition of minute quantities of arsenic and carbon to the mixture, to counteract certain im-purities that may be found in any or all <)f the above in-gredients. All the ingredients are. carefuHy weighed, as a druggist would weigh the ingredients of a prescriotinn- Dining Room of Summer HODleat Newport, R. L any chemical difference in the structure of the two glasses, then they are ground very fine and thoroug\\ly mixed and put but is entirely due to the physical characteristics of the two. into a huge crucible or pot preparatory to going into the This physical character of plate glass consists in the two sur- furnace to be melted. faces being perfectly true and parallel to each other-the Mixing of the Materials. the surfaces themselves having been made so by grinding, The mixing of the materials is a very important matter, smoothing and polishing both sides of the glass by skillful and the reason the ing-redients are ground very fine is, to en-workmen on large, delicately adjusted and <lccurate1y work- able us to mix the particles morc initimately together-each iug machines. minute grain of sand wants, and must have, a little grain of The chemicals that entcr into the composition of plate and soda, and one of lime, lying right close up to it when it is window glass are practically the same, atthough the plate subjected to the heat of the furnace, for otherwise it would manufacturer, by reaSOn of wanting his ~lass dearer, of not melt. And the same way with the lime; unless a little more brilliant color, and freer from defects than the window grain of soda lies up next to it, the lime will not be melted. glass manufacturer, will, and docs, select his materials with Did you ever look at a piece of glass and see a little white or the greatest care, and requires that they shall be the. best ob- gray speck imbedded in it? \Vell, that is be~ause a little tainahlc. For eX;J.mple,his sand must be of the \vhitest-his grain of sand, or a little grain of lime, did not get close 34 enough up to a little grain of soda, so as to be influenced by it. The boiling of the mass helps to bring these ingredients closer together, and the perfection of the 0peration consists ih each ingredient being combined with just the right amount of each of the other two ingredients, so aiter the mass is melted in a dear, transparent, crystal colored mass is obtained without any veins, streaks or foreign particles being found in it. If he saying "purified by fire" was ever true of any sub-stance, it is true of plate glass, for it is only by applying the Designed by Otto Jtranek. Grand Rapids, Mich. most intense heats, and violently boiling the materials hour after hour that we can obtain the beautiful dear, flawless glass that has done so much to beautify the world, We could go on and teJJ how we sometimes put a potato at the bottom of the melted mass to cause violent boiling as the gases arise from it, and work their way up through the melted glass; or sometimes stir it with a piece of wood fastened to the end of an iwn rod; or how we get a little piece of clay in the glass, either coming from the side of the pot or drljpping from the cap of the furnace, that our chemicals or heat wj1l not dis-solve, but stays in the glass as a defect, and must be cut out before the finished plate is sent out to he used-or how a few bubbles of air cOllfined in t.he boiling mass will ruin the entire pot of glass. A great many details like the~c could he men-tioned, but would be wearisome to dwell upon, and are only cited to shmN the carc that must he taken l{) get a molten mass of metal suffic.iently pure and free horn imperfections, out of which to manufacture plate glass. Pots in Plate Glass Plants. Now a word about the pots in which the glass is melted; as they play an all-important part in the mam1facture of plate glass. They have to be tried by· fire-not a steady continuous heat, which is not 50 hard to bear, but a Leating to a white, dazzling heat, three thousand degrees hot-hotter than any known thermometer will register: then they are taken ·out of the furnace and emptied of their contents, during which the surrounding air cools them to a dull red; then they are quickly put back into the glowing furnace and heated up again preparatory to receiving anothe&. charge of the mixed ingredients, and repeating the operation day in and day out. Plate glass manufacturers have hunted the world over to find clays out 'of which to make their pots, s'-' that they will stand this terrible test. Such clays have been found in Missouri., in this country, and in Germany and in France, but Ilot anyone clay alone will stand this punishment---'-it takes a mixture of these day!'; from Hiese far separated parts of the world, and they, in their turn, have to be as carefully prepared, mixed ano manipulated as does the batch out of ,.vhich the glass is nn~dc. Three years from the time the clay is taken out of the mine, until it is made into the pot ready to receive the glass mixture, is the least time we give tbe entire operation; and when we can give it four years we like it better and get better results, After the day is mined, it is piled out on the ground and left for a year, for the wind and rain and sunshine to weather it. This meaDS the disintegration and ripening of the clay and the elimination from it of any particles at vegetable tllat~ ter it may have contained. Then it is taken to a mill and washed, to take other ingredients out of it that might shorten its life in the furnace-then it is dried and ground and burnt in blocks and sent to the plate glass maker. He then ·pro-ceeds ·to grind it all ngain into a powder, and then.he·mixes the powdered clay from "\'1issouri with some from Germany, itnd with some from France, adds water, :'nd stirs the mass up, just as a WOmaJl would mix up a batch of bread-only <'- machine does the mixing, and holds many hundreds of pounds. Then when thoroughly mixed, this mass, still like the bread, mllst he kneaded until it is all of a sticky, plastic consistency. ):!al1Y machines have been devised for doing this, but, just as the housewife claims hand made bread is better than machine-made, 50 the plate glafis maker has found that no machine can equal the bare feet in kneading his batch. Now takes place a long period, a year generally, of tramp-ing and \?orking lhe clay back and forth from fifteen to twenty times, and letting it lie, between these workings, in DeSigned by Otto Jiritriek. Grand 'RaPids. :B&Cb. bins to age and ripen. Two years have now passed, and the clay is just ready to be made into a pot. A man starts fifteen pots at once-each day he adds a few inches-building it all up by hand, going round and round the pot, adding little pieces of clay at a time, and 'working and pressing it together with his hands, so that the finished pot is perfectly homogeneous and no crack or parting shows where the secQnd piece of chy is added to the first. It takes fifteen days for this man, with a boy to help him, tf) finish his fifteen pots, or llis average is one pot a day. After the pot has been built Up.. it is damp and wet, so it must be carefully dried jn a room of a certain temperature, and if you dry it too fast, it cracks, and your work 15 all 1ost. In a year, if carefully watched and dried, it will he ready to go to the oven, to be gradually heated up to a bright red heat preparatory to being put into the white hot furnace to re-ceive the glass mixture. Poor pot! After all these years of preparation, its life is but from twenty to twenty~five days ill that terrible heat, and then its work is done. Melting and Casting. The pot, having been put into the furnace and brought up to the necessary high temperature, is filled heaping full with its required batch of silica, soda and lime. .l\vfeltLng reduces the bulk so much that the pot is filled three times before it contaiqs a sufficient charge of nlolten glass. The mixture boils like an effervescent mas,." all alive, and is like liquid water. Then, when the chemical activn has all taken place, it settles dow"n to a quiet mass of molten glass, ready for the next operation. The pot is then liftcd out of the fur-nace by a large electric cranc. The pot, and its contenh, weighing about t"wotOI1S,is carefully skimmed to rcmove ,tny Lmperfection which may rest t1pOn the sndace-then taken by another electric crane to the casting Lthle. This is a large, massive, flat table of iron, about 25 fcet long and 15 feet wide, having as an attachment a heavy iron roller which covers the full width, and can be mcchanically rollcd the entire length of the table, At the side of the table are ad~ justed strips of iron upon which the roller rests, and \vhich permit the production of pbtes of differcJlt thickncsses, as these strips arc thicker or thimlcr. The pnsty or half-fluid glass metal is now poured upon the lable in front of the roller from the melting pot, and the roller quickly passes over it, leaving a sheet of glass of uniform thickness. The euds of the sheet, after it i~ rolled, are slightly rou11ded, as ~t is lln-possible to roll the glass so as to get a pcrfectly square shcet. The heavy rone' is now moved out of tlle way, and thcn, by means of a shnving· tool, th.e rcd hot plate is shoved into an annealing oven. All these stages of the work have to be per-formed quickly by men of long training and experiencc, Annealing ap.d Carrying Glass. The anneaHng oven, into which tlle glass is then placed. may hold from one to threc plates, as the case may be, and for hours it hqs been heatcd so that ..v..hen the glass is put into it, they are both of the same tcmperature. As soon as the glass is in th,e oven, all the openings to it are closed and sealed up-the heat if;,turned off and the glass and oven cnol off together. This cooling process takes several days, and ,vhen the tempe·raturc gets down to that of the surrounding air~ the oven is opened up, the glass pulled out on a flat table, the edges trued up square with a diamond and any defects that can be seen are cut out. The examination of the glass at the ovell mouth is only a preparatory one, to discover such defects as shO\...-on the sUrfa(".e,for the snrface is rough, opaque and wa..y..i.n appearance, and defects in tbe body of the glass cannot he detected. The glass is then raised care-fully 011 its edge, and carried to the grinding and smoothing departments, '.vhere it is put throLlgh the next operation. The carryit}g of plate gbss is a dangerous and delicate operation-twenty men arc required to carry the largest plate, ten men on each side. They have le~tber straps with a handle on each end. The glass is lifted and carried by these straps-one man on each end of the strap. They must step together in perfect unison, stand perfectly straight and go 35 very slowly, or the glass, which towers from six to eight feet above their heads, may break and crash down on th(:m, cuttillg them, often serlously, and many times fai-tlt-ly. Grinding and Smoothing. The machine for grinding the glass is a circular, flat, iron platform, from 24 to 28 feet in diameter, and makes from 20 to Designed By Otto Jirauek, Grand Ra.pids, Ml.ch 25 re\'olutitOIlS per minute. It is perfectly level and $11lOoth, and runs as true as a balance wheel of a watch. The surface of this platform is covered with a thin mixture of plaster of paris; the glass is then laid on this table, pressed into the plaster by men carefully and skltlfully walking over it. The whole top of the grinding table is covered in this way, and wl1cn the pl.aster has set, which it does in a very few minutes, the glass is ready to be ground. The table is then set revolv-ing and large, circular flat discs are lowered on the glass, hay-ing square iron blocks fastened to their under side. These runners, as they are called, revolve in the opposite direction to tl1e table, and sharp sand is fed On. the grinder by a stream of water, which, getting between the glass and ·the iron-shod runner, does the grinding. The first operation is done by very coarse sand, until the glass is ground to a straight, true and e\'en surfacc-then finer and finer grades of sand are used, and at last the grinding operation is finished by the finest 36 flour of emery. This final operation on the grinder is called ~moothing_ The top of this grinding machme is movable, and, when the smoothillg is finished, the machine is stopped and the glass on the table is washed off carefully, for if one grain of sand is left on the glass at this time, that grain of sand will spoil the whole table of glass when it enters the next operation of polishing. The glass, when it leaves the ./ilTindcr, nas a Derfectly straight, true surface, feels like velvet, but is opaque like children's drawing glass. The glass, after being washed and lUspected: for aefects of all descriptions, and still being firmly imbedded in the plaster, is put on the polishing machine, which is a machine much like the grinder; and receives the grinder top-only the polisher has ruunets shod with dozens of circular felt discs which rest on the glass. The material used for polish-ing the glass with these felt discs is rouge, made from sul-phate of iron crystals, which have been bur'IJt and ground to an impalpable powder. Some water is used in this operation, and it takes from three to four hours. Now all this work of grinding, smoohing and polishing has only finished one side-the other side is still rough as when it left the annealing oven. The table top is taken awa)' frem the polisher, the glass carefully raised, all the old plaster taken off the table, everything washed clean, a new bed of plaster spread on the table and the glass carefully turned over and imbedded in the· plaster. Now the side that has been polished is down, and the table top is taken back to the grinder, and the rough side, which is now up, goes through the same operation. of grinding, smoothing and polishing as the first side did. After the second side has b~en polished, the glass is carefully. raised from the polishing table· and taken to the wash rack, where it is carefully cleaned alld then taken to the wareroom, Here it is minutely inspected, every de-fect cut out-defects that the eye of an ordinary man would never detect, arc here, by skillful inspectors, instantly noticed . and corrected. The glass has, during all these operations, been more or less broken. It has had to stand tons upon tons of weight upon it in the grinding and polishing operations. It has had to be lifted, turned over, washed add carried. All these opetations are attended with the risk· of breakage, and entail great loss upon the manufacturer. In the warehouse the glass is cut up for orders, carefully packed in boxes, with sheets of white paper between the plates'to prevent one plate from scratching another in trans-portation, then all carefully packed in straw, and the box is nailed up ready for shipment. Miscellaneous Notes. John K. Herr, mattress maker of Lancaster, Pa., has bought a site for a new plant and made contracts for the building and new machinery. The Portland, OI'C. Mattress and Upholstering Company will expend $30,000 in erecting a factory and warehouse on the water front at South Portland, Railroad officials are not so pessimistic ~s they were dur-ing May and June. Improved conditions of traffic and busi-ness have compelled a change of opinion. The firm of Walker & Linde, furniture and carpet dealers, Philadelphia, Pa., has been dissolved, Me. Walker retiring. The firm was formed 20 years ago and has been very success-ful. The Philadelphia Record says several furniture dealers in that city and vicinity have been swindled recently by an Hagent" who sold them a "wood enamel" that was absolutely worthless. The Chicago Canal and Dock Company is to invest $300,000 in a new warehouse for the Furniture Exposition Company. The building will be located on the North Side between the Michigan slip and the Northwestern railroad tracks. The ground dimensions will be 120x 270 feet, On petition of creditors, the Paducah (Ky.) Furniture Company has been placed in the hands of John Rock as receiver. The liabilities are about $125,000 with assets listed at $130,000. The firm Of Marks & Cohen of Terre Haute, Ind., better known as the Terre Haute Spring and Mattress Company, bas been dissolved. Mr. Marks will continue the business. C D, Pelletier & Company .. manufacturers of office furni-ture and fixtures, Superior, Wis., must rebuild and enlarge their plant to accommodate their rapidly increasing business. The Edwards-Ihrig Company manufacturers of casket furnishings, mattresses and bed springs, Oshkosh, Wis" have decided to move to Milwaukee where they have secured a site for a new plant on Oregon street. Pacific Coast lumbermen 'say they do not object to buy-ing cars for the railroads to carry their product if they can own the cars, but they are opposed to making the im"estment and allowing the railroads to enjoy ownership. The business of the M. L. Nelson Company-furniture commission dealers-of Chicago is to be closed out by the receiver, the creditors having failed to reach an agreement to continue the business. The assets and liabilities are said to be about equal-$125,OOO. An Inexpensive But Good Machine. The Cordesman-Rechtin Company of Cincinnati makes a number of styles of. boring machines. The horizontal post-boring machine illustrated herewith is one of them. It is not an expensive machine, yet so well made, and containing all the desirable features of the other machines that it is very popular aniong the wood workers. The machine consists of a bracket that will attach to a post, wallar to the side of sawing and other machines. The frame has planed dove-tail slide to which table bracket with gibs is fitted. The top side of bracket is planed to receive the sliding table.· Both table and bracket have rise and fall movement by crank handle gear and screw. It is a handy machine and for fuller descrip-tion and price write the Cordesman-Rechtin Company, Pearl and Butler streets, Cincinnati; O. - --- ----------------------- How "Sam" Porter Saved the Firm. "Sam" Porter of New York is possessed of many resources beside his substantial financial responsibl1ity, and

Date Created:

1907-08-10T00:00:00Z

Data Provider:

Grand Rapids Public Library (Grand Rapids, Mich.)

Collection:

28:3

Subject Topic:

Periodicals and Furniture Industry

Language:

English

Rights:

© Grand Rapids Public Library. All Rights Reserved.

URL:

http://cdm16055.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16055coll20/id/63