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- Notes:
- Serbian prisoners of war crush rocks and work on a military road construction project under German guard in 1915.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A French cobbler is busy repairing a shoe at Muensingen in this wood cut print. Note that the shoemaker is wearing wooden shoes due to the lack of leather in the camp.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The American YMCA arranged expositions of prisoner handicrafts and sold these projects to provide POW's with a modest income. The prisoners at Cottbus made these handicrafts, which included baskets, wicker furniture, a violin, a balalaika, hats, spoons, pictures, and other goods that were in demand in prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Two British sailors saw down a tree while another British prisoner of war holds an axe during some winter work. Two German guards look on and observe their progress.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian Muslim prisoners display some of the fine handicrafts in the carpentry shop at Zossen-Wuensdorf. The prisoners have carved three street signs (two for Yorkstrasse and one for Lowenfeldstrasse) while a design hangs on the wall. Note the picture of Kaiser Wilhelm II on the back wall to the left.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners clean and sweep the streets of a Polish town under the supervision of a Landsturm guard. The German occupation of tsarist towns led to improved sanitation and reconstruction employing prisoner labor.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This Dutch cartoon, drawn by Louis Raemackers, illustrates Belgian deported laborers working in a German munitions plant. One of the workers muses that the shell he is making may be the one that kills his son, who is fighting with the Allies on the Yser.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners on a labor detachment build a huge pile of hay for winter fodder. Both the Germans and Allies relied on horses for transportation and cavalry warfare. In the insert is a photograph of a "typical" Russian prisoner.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners construct the barbed-wire enclosure which will surround their prison camp. Two POW's hold the reel of barbed-wire while another holds the wire in place with a pair of pliers. A civilian and his assist will nail the barbed-wire to the post.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A prisoner made this toy and presented it to an Association secretary. The clown and the man in the top hat revolve on the parrallel bars.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Russian prisoners and German soldiers rest for a moment from their work in constructing a second hospital ward at Wasbek. They stand on the frame of the new facility with the building material in the foreground. Note the traditional tree adorning the roof of a new building under construction.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French bakers prepare bread dough in the prison kitchen at Guestrow while fresh bread cools on the shelves behind them. These bakers had to produce a large amount of bread every day to meet the dietary requirements established by the German Ministry of War.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A labor detachment of French prisoners assemble in the morning in the prison compound at Weitmoos in preparation to march off to work under German guard. The photograph was taken from the guard tower. Allied POW labor was critical to support the German war economy, especially after the army mobilized German males for military service.
- Date Created:
- 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Five French prisoners, holding flower pots, pose with a German Landsturm guard, in a garden outside of the prison camp at Frankfurt-am-Main. They are preparing for planting in Spring 1915.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of Russian prisoners load a wagon full of apples at a market at Frankfurt-am-Main for transportation to the prison camp. These apples will be pressed into juice and stored in the camp. A German Landsturm sentry stands to the left.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Allied prisoners muster in front of their barracks in the prison compound at Dyrotz for a roll call. English prisoners stand to the right, Russians in the middle, and French POW's to the right. On the lower right hand side of the photograph are the wagons and tools used to support the prison camp on a daily basis.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- An Arbeitskommando of British prisoners of war march through the main gate of a German prison camp with shovels over their shoulders in parade fashion. Some children watch the parade to the left.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Russian cobblers practice their trade at a work bench outside of their workshop at Danzig. These craftsmen provided important services to prisoners who could not work without proper footwear. Apprentices could learn a new trade by working with experienced shoemakers.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners are busy in constructio work carrying dirt in wheel barrows at the pond outside of the perimeter security fence at Minden I. They are probably involved in drainage work or shoring up the bank of the pond.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Prison camps often held art exhibitions which displayed the work of POW's. This is a general view of the exhibition of officers' work at Torgau in 1915, highlighting the paintings which featured portraits and landscapes. The exhibit also included decorative flowers and plants. Sometimes the art work was sold at POW exhibitions, which provided prisoners with extra income to improve their standard of living.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A stout German non-commissioned officer counts off Russian prisoners during a roll call at Buetow. Note the wooden barrack under construction in the background. The POWs were responsible for building new quarters inside the prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners spread fertilizer on a field with manure from the horse drawn wagon outside of the prison at Friedrichsfeld. The POW's are spreading guano in the field in preparation for spring planting. Prisoner labor was critical in supporting the German war economy.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This Dutch cartoon shows a bound Belgian worker led away by German troopers while a third German soldier bars his wife at the front door to prevent her from helping the worker. Allied control of the world sea lanes allowed the Entente nations to import laborers from China, Southeast Asia, India, and Egypt while simultaneously denying the Germans access to international labor through the blockade.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Three Russian prisoners of war with shovels unload a narrow gauge railway car full of potatoes in a German prison camp. A Landsturm guard supervises their work. Railways were critical for transporting supplies to prison facilities for daily operations.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The Germans employed prisoners with special skills to support camp operations. Russian POW's work on a number of projects inside the carpenter shop at Muensingen. They are building tables and cabinets with the various tools that are scattered around the workshop and on the walls. POW labor made prison camps self-supporting.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British prisoners of war participate in compulsory exercise in this drawing of the prison compound at Muenster, including wounded POW's, under the supervision of German guards. Two prisoners are busy cutting firewood to the right; behind them stands a one-story wooden barrack found in many German prison camps.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners work in a carpentry shop under a German non-commissioned officer in an unidentified prison camp. Some of the prisoners' work stand on the shelves or hang from the ceiling including a guitar, violin, and picture frame. The German coat of arms is featured at the top right and the British coat of arms is at the top left.
- Date Created:
- 1916-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British enlisted prisoners participate in the YMCA Sports Day competition at the prison camp at Cellelager before a large crowd of spectators of Russian POW's and German officers. Note the construction of a new barrack in the background.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A labor detachment of British prisoners of war march through a German town on their way to a work assignment. Civilians watch their progress from the sidewalk and follow them on a bicycle.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners prepare to butcher a recently slaughtered hog in the prison compound at Danzig. Note the white identification badges on the breast pockets of the prisoners. The pig provided the protein for the POW's for the next meal.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- British prisoners of war on a labor detachment march along a snowy road in support of a supply train. One POW is pulling a cart filled with boxes, which may have been parcels for the prisoners. The heavily laden wagon in front is also pulled by several prisoners. POW's often had to march to the railroad depot to load wagons with supplies and parcels for the prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian and French prisoners pull a wagon full of correspondence and parcels from the train station to the prison camp at Merseberg. Horses were in short supply in Germany after the war started, while POW labor was plentiful. Prisoners took over the job of pulling wagons whenever possible.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- The presence of Russian prisoners from Muensingen on German farms grew more common during the course of World War I. This drawing depicts a Russian POW with a horse involved in agricultural work.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- With German labor in short supply and Allied prisoners of war in abundance, the Germans used POW labor to construct prison camps during the war. Two French prisoners work on the perimeter fence; one holds the wire in place with a pair of pliers while the other nails the wire to the post. A civilian watches the activity with interest.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- While a Russian prisoner operates a sewing machine, a group of French and Russian tailors work on clothing outside of their workshop at Koenigsbrueck under the supervision of German guards.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Skilled craftsmen provided important services to prisoners in prison camps. This is the interior of the tailor shop at Muensingen in which French prisoners repair uniforms. The working conditions are very good in this shop; the prisoners have access to light from the large window and electric light, warmth from the wood stove, and a variety of tools, including a sewing machine.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war work in the prison laundry at Goettingen. Two prisoners operate a laundry press while the other POW's pull open special drying racks which hang from nails. Clean laundry was an important task in keeping prisoners healthy through the elimination of vermin.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This is a section of a map showing the locations of Arbeitskommandos (Allied labor detachments) in the Kingdom of Saxony. The map is coded to identify agricultural labor, industrial labor, work for the state, and . public interest projects. The map is further delineated identifying the Stammlagern (parent camps) where the prisoners were assigned; in this case, the prison camps at Golzern, Koenigsbrueck, and Chemnitz provided the man power for this labor.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Russian prisoners work on shoes and boots in the cobbler shop at Merseberg. The men are busy making new shops and boots or repairing worn out footwear. These skilled laborers provided an important service in the prison camps and unskilled prisoners gained the opportunity to learn a new trade during their captivity. German guards stand in the back of the shop.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French cobblers, in wooden clogs, make new shoes in a work shop in an unidentified prison camp. They repaired worn shoes and boots for other POWs and produced new shoes when leather was available.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Another Raemacker cartoon shows German guards herding Belgian workers into a railroad car for transportation into Germany. The laborers wave farewell to their families and will soon be off to support the German war effort.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- A group of prisoners on a labor detachment are on the march under the supervision of German guards at Muensingen. POW's often worked outside of the prison camp on a variety of jobs to replace mobilized German labor. In some cases, labor detachments were sent on permanent detail to farms, mines, or factories.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners work on rabbit hutches in the prison camp at Aschaffenburg. Rabbit meat helped to diversify the diets of the prisoners and added extra meat to the soup.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Belgian prisoners of war at Duelmen line up in the morning under the scrutiny of German non-commissioned officers as they prepare to march off to work. The photograph also shows some of the wooden barracks in the prison camp.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners take a break from work plaiting straw to make baskets and other goods used in the prison camp at Zittau (Gross Poritsch). The POW's are weaving inside a workshop at the facility. Note the German NCO's in the center aisle at the back of the room.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Russian prisoners turn over a field with shovels on an Arbeitskommando for cultivation in preparation for Spring planting as German guards watch their progress.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French prisoners of war and civilian internees pull a wagon in the compound of an unidentified prison camp. When laborers were plentiful, men replaced horses who were needed to support the war effort.
- Date Created:
- 1918-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- French and Belgian prisoners work on a number of projects in the work shop at Eichstaett. The prisoners at the first work bench repair shoes while another group fixes clothing. Note the sewing machine on the back work bench.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- Serbian prisoners of war clean the streets of a German town with shovels and brooms under the gaze of a large German guard.
- Date Created:
- 1917-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries
- Notes:
- This photograph shows a view of the prison camp at Crossen-an-der-Oder from the central watch tower, showing the church and the site of the future YMCA building the American Association planned to construct. The POW's have already built several barracks and a church inside the compound. The photograph shows several of the camp's barracks and buildings under construction.
- Date Created:
- 1915-01-01T00:00:00Z
- Data Provider:
- Western Michigan University. Libraries